Hemodialysis patients are at increased risk of trace elements deficiency (especially for Zn and Se) or excess (Ni) in respect to healthy subjects. Monitoring of blood levels and supplementation of some trace elements may be indicated in patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Plasma DNA levels significantly increase after a conventional 2.5-5-h HD session. Therefore, HD patients require special consideration for correct interpretation of plasma DNA concentrations. This parameter can be considered a reliable diagnostic tool for certain pathologies when measured at least 30 min after a HD session without further complications. The different dialysis membranes used in this study had no influence on cell-free plasma DNA concentrations, so the level of circulating DNA is not an appropriate marker of dialysis membrane biocompatibility.
Selected trace and minor elements analyzed by XRF in sandstone samples were Rb-Sr-Zr-Nb-Ba-La-Ce-Nd as well as Ti-Mn-Fe with which they are often correlated. Refractory elements like REE are considered useful indicators of geochemical processes and, in this case, of provenance . Usually they maintain their original relationships and are transferred almost directly into sediments. The values here found, absolute and normalized, show correlations among the samples, allowing the establishment of their origin. Most of them in the spidergram patterns display positive spikes of Zr, and negative anomalies at Nb, Sr, Ti: differences in their height/depth could be in relation with the different Series or Formations. Strikingly, spidergrams of samples collected from the Patiño Formation show marked negative anomalies interalia of Ba, as well as positive spikes of Nb and Zr, very similar to those found in magmatic specimens from Misiones, Carapeguá-Acahay and Alto Paraguay Province and quite different from the other analyzed samples. In addition a remarkable presence of Precambrian signatures were found in the analyzed sandstones from the Paleozoic.
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