ABSTRACT. Szymczak Emilia, "Dziewczyny na politechniki" -analiza wybranych przekazów reklamowychNowadays it is difficult to clearly define what still belongs to strictly masculine domain and what no longer belongs to it. Considering the fight for women's social equality as well as a number of socioeconomical strategies, practices and tendencies we can say about successive pushing back the boundaries and discovering more distant areas of knowledge, education and realisation of occupational duties. Broadly defined commercial messages that contribute to promoting occupations which are non-stereotypically feminine are the subject matter of this article. Its aim is also to present how, through these kind of social practices, women's attention is attracted to other, as yet inaccessible to them majors, educational areas as well as which techniques are used firstly in order to direct women's educational preferences and then their occupational aspirations as effectively as possible.Key words: women, education, masculine educational areas, commercial messages, occupational stereotypes, sex barriers We współczesnym świecie trudno jednoznacznie określić, co jeszcze należy do dziedzin typowo męskich, a co już nie. Biorąc pod uwagę walkę o równość społeczną kobiet oraz szereg strategii, praktyk i tendencji o charakterze społeczno-ekonomicznym, możemy mówić o sukcesywnym prze-
This article describes the history of women in the engineering world, the changing social and economic conditions and women’s rising educational aspirations (it appears that they are interested in the traditional scientific disciplines but they also increasingly with to try typically male – form the point of view of traditional socialization – educational and then professional careers). The article presents the dynamics of the access of women to higher education through the years, including especially scientific and technical fields of study. It also presents the statistical data about the participation of women in the stereotypically male areas of education. This article provides historical examples of women, famousbecause of their spectacular scientific achievements.
Academic regalia, symbols and ceremonies are an important element of university reality. The ruling force here is the tradition and continuity of the preservation of symbols since the Middle Ages. The awarding of academic degrees and titles in the XXI century is still associated with a consistent structure during which specific rituals – characteristic for University or even each field of study – take place. They become an exemplification of prestige in the academic world, the position of professors, as well as other social groups, and crystallize the place in the hierarchy of various individuals and groups of people, as well as the academic capital that they represent. In this article, I will focus on this initial level of academic career which is a doctorate and especially at this ceremonial or symbolic ritual of passage – the doctoral promotion.
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