This study investigates the relationship between clay minerals (kaolinite and illite) and rock properties of the claystone, including both mechanical (cohesion, friction angle, stress, and strain) and physical properties (natural water content, void ratio, and wet density), belonging to Warukin Formation of Kalimantan, Indonesia. Mineralogical characteristics of these rocks were studied using petrological and X-ray diffraction techniques, whereas the mechanical and physical properties were tested by conducting uniaxial and triaxial tests. Relationship among the variables was determined using correlation coefficients. It was observed that the mineralogy of the rocks pose strong constraints on their engineering properties. The results showed that an increase in illite content decreases cohesion, friction angle, strength, and safety factor; and increases natural moisture content, void ratio, and wet density. Although illite content of these rocks was just about 10.8% of the total minerals, it has significantly contributed to the modification of physical and mechanical properties. In contrast, kaolinite did not have a significant impact; since the correlation between various parameters was significantly low (correlation coefficient was much less, <0.3). Therefore while selecting the materials for geotechnical engineering applications, illite emerges as a safer alternative to kaolinite, especially when its concentration is less than 10.8% of the total rock mass.
The occurrence of subduction zones caused by the collision between the Eurasian-Western Indonesia Plate due to an increase tectonic, volcanic and magmatic activities along Sumatra Island. This study covers the area of Way Belu Drainage Basin, located near Bandar Lampung City, Lampung Province, southern part of Sumatra, Indonesia. The area composes of a complex geological structure as the result of tectonic activities. In this study, geomorphic indices assessment such as morphometric and morphotectonic quantitative analysis are undertaken to identify the Index of Active Tectonics (IAT). The morphometric analysis uses Drainage density (D d) and Ratio of bifurcation (R b). The value of D d respectively from 1.45 to 4.05, R b from 2 to 10. While the morphotectonic analysis uses basin shape index (Bs), valley floor width-valley height ratio (V f), and asymmetry factor (AF). The value of Bs from 1.27 to 6.25, V f from 0.16 to 3.30, and AF from 22.73 to 83.77 in ranges which is derived average IAT value is 2.20. It may considered that at the Way Belu Drainage Basin has moderate to high tectonic activity. From the joint measurement results on the fracture zone express that the main pattern of faults has trend NWW-SSE, NE-SW, NNE-SSW, NW-SE, and WE directions. Furthermore, based on the combination of the quantitative geomorphology indices assessment which is supported by remote sensing and field assessment shows that those features closely related to the Semangko Fault System with the NNW-SSE fault trend parallel to its fault.
The researched area is situated at Mount Rendingan and its surrounding area, Lampung Province, the southern part of Sumatra Island. It has a big potential of geothermal resource in line with a unique graben like bowl landform and geothermal surface manifestations. This research was carried out using remote sensing and field observation methods. The remote sensing method used topography and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission-Digital Elevation Model (SRTM-DEM) maps to analyze morphotectonic attributes, and the result was validated by morphotectonic data analysis from field observation. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the relation between morphotectonic and the appearances of geothermal surface manifestations. The interpretation of SRTM-DEM and topographic maps are supported by morphotectonic analyses,which indicate that the geothermal surface manifestations in this area are controlled by tectonic activity. It has various levels of lift which are shown by the values of valley height weight ratio (V f) from 0.16 to 3.31 and the values of mountain front sinuosity (S mf) from 1.05 to 2.09. The morphotectonic characteristics can describe the geological structure activity levels which are reflected in the landform and its rock. The volcanic areas consist of igneous rocks which have small primary permeabilities. However, the development of geological structure can cause fractures in the rock that step in as a medium for passing geothermal fluid from depth to surface. They are found on the fault intersection zone system trending NE-SW and NW-SE, NNE-SSW and NNW-SSE, and WE system directions that indicate the fault system is correlated with the appearances of geothermal manifestations.
The research goal is to evaluate land suitability for geo-tourism focuses on geology and landscape. Most of the Citatah karst area is natural-based industries or mining in particular. The ecological disturbance is an impetus for decision-makers to choose new use of land to deal with the conservation issues. SMCE techniques that apply geographic information systems (GIS) and analytical hierarchy processes. The use of land is formulated based on policy and stakeholder analysis. The research benefit is the possibility to change the area from mining to a geo-tourism area. There are two important results of research in spatial analysis, namely: intensive and extensive tourism areas, and the rest is for protective or no suitable area of tourism. In conclusion, the land suitability analysis is important for tourism industry development.
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