The deterioration of endothelial structure plays a very important role in the development of vascular diseases. It is believed that endothelial dysfunction starts in the early stage of kidney disease and is a risk factor of an unfavorable cardiovascular prognosis. Because a direct assessment of biological states in endothelial cells is not applicable, the measurement of endothelial microparticles (EMPs) detached from endothelium during activation or apoptosis is thought to be a marker of early vascular disease and endothelial dysfunction in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Few studies have shown increased circulating EMPs and its relationship with cardiovascular risk factors in patients with CKD. MPs contain membrane proteins and cytosolic material derived from the cell from which they originate. EMPs having CD144, CD 146, CD31(+)/CD41(-), CD51 and CD105 may be used to evaluate the vascular endothelial cell damage and determine asymptomatic patients who might be at higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease in CKD and renal transplant.
ÖZETObjectives: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major global public health problem. Determination of serum markers is crucial for rapid screening and clinical diagnosis of HBV infection. The detection of hepatitis B surface antijen (HBsAg) demands highly sensitive and specific immunoassays.
OBJECTIVE:
Vitamin D (VD) deficiency is a common problem worldwide, especially in pregnant women and newborns. Regular administration of VD supplements has been recommended worldwide since 2010. Recently, a new formulation providing VD supplementation in the form of a spray which is absorbed through the buccal mucosa has been introduced, but there is very little information in the literature about the effectiveness of it, especially in children. Therefore, in our study, we aim to investigate whether there was a difference in VD levels at one year of age infants who have started oral vitamin D supplements (400 IU/day) as spray or drop form in the neonatal period and have used it regularly during the first year of life.
METHODS:
In our retrospective study, the medical records of 243 healthy infants at one year of age who were followed up regularly in the first year of life in our well-child follow-up clinic were evaluated. The infants who had congenital anomalies, chronic diseases, and those using irregular vitamin D supplements were excluded from this study.
RESULTS:
The findings showed that the spray form of VD was used in 136 babies (56.0%) in the study group and the drop form was used in 107 (44.0%) of them. VD deficiency (defined as 25 [OH] D level <20 ng/ml) was 33.3% (n=81). VD levels were 24 ng/ml (8–109 ng/ml) and 21 ng/ml (7–65 ng/ml) in the infants using spray and drop form, respectively. The difference between the two forms of VD supplementation regarding 25 (OH) D levels was significant (p=0.010); VD levels were higher in the infants using the spray form.
CONCLUSION:
Our study findings suggest that the infants using oral spray form have higher VD levels compared to oral drop form. Concerning VD levels, the spray form may be preferred as a suitable alternative to the drop form, and the spray form may provide regular and easy use in children.
Gülsen MERAL SEZER, Emel KABAKOĞLU ÜNSÜR, Faruk AKÇAY, Aysun GÖKALP
Anahtar sözcükler: astım, bronşiolit, çocuk, pnömoni, Rhinovirus-C
SUMMARY
A New Rhinovirus Pathogen: Rhinovirus-C in Thirteen Months Old Infant with Bronchopneumonia
In the recent studies Rhinovirus-C has been associated with bronchiolitis, recurrent wheezing, exacerbation of asthma. It has been showed that this virus is getting importance in the infections of < 2 years old children which require hospitalization.In this paper a case of 13 month old child hospitalized for respiratory distress, cough and fever was presented to take attention to Rhinovirus-C infections in children younger than 2 age.
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