No abstract

BackgroundAlthough Pre-lacteal feeding is a barrier for implementation of optimal breastfeeding practices and increases the risk of neonatal illness and mortality, still it is continued as a deep-rooted nutritional malpractice in developing countries. In Ethiopia pre-lacteal feeding continued as one of the nutritional malpractices in newborns. Therefore the aim of this study was to assess pre-lacteal feeding practice and its determinants among mothers of children less than 24 months of age in Sodo zuria district, Wolaita zone, Southern Ethiopia.MethodsCommunity-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 15, 2017 to March 12, 2017 in Sodo zuria district, Wolaita zone, Southern Ethiopia. Five hundred five (505) mothers of children aged less than 24 months were selected by multistage randomized sampling technique and the data were collected by using interview based structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, binary and multivariable logistic regression analysis were employed to identify the factors associated with pre-lacteal feeding practices. Variables with a p-value < 0.05 were identified as statistically significant factors.ResultsThe prevalence of pre-lacteal feeding practice was 20.6%. The common type of pre-lacteal feeding given was plain water; 38(7.7%) and the major reason was insufficient breast milk 32(6.5%). Mothers living with extended family type (AOR = 10.64, 95% CI: 1.05, 10.71), Lack of breastfeeding counseling (AOR = 5.16, 95% CI: 1.76, 15.13) and mothers who avoid colostrum (AOR = 9.72, 95% CI: 3.46, 27.30) were statistically significant positive predictors of pre-lacteal feeding practice.Conclusion & RecommendationPre-lacteal feeding is commonly practiced in Soddo zuria district. Mothers who live with extended family type, mothers who did not get breastfeeding counseling and mothers who avoid colostrum were statistically significant positive predictors of pre-lacteal feeding practice. Therefore, strengthening breastfeeding counseling about the risks associated with pre-lacteal feeding and colostrum feeding intervention should be integrated. Promotion of intensive nutrition education program, on the benefit of colostrum by giving special emphasis to extended family mothers should be implemented in the community.

Introduction Birth spacing is the time gaps between two consecutive life births. Optimal spacing until the next pregnancy is the resting period that allows the mother time to recover from pregnancy, and labor. Birth interval of 3 to 5 years increases maternal health and child survival and family planning programs have advocated this birth interval. Objectives To assess prevalence of Suboptimal Child spacing practice and its associated factors among Women of Child bearing age in Serbo town, Jimma Zone Southwest Ethiopia. Methods Community based cross sectional study was conducted on a total of 314 women of child bearing age from March to April 2017 who were selected by simple random sampling. A semi structured questionnaire which was pretested was used to collect the data. Data was checked for completeness and analyzed using SPSS V.20. Bi-variable logistic regression and multi- variable regression were done for predictor variables associated at p -value < 0.05 with the outcome variable. Result The prevalence of short birth interval in this study was 59.9%. Independent predictors like age at first marriage (AOR: 2.10, 95% CI = 1.19, 3.69), sex of index child (AOR: 1.964, 95% CI = 1.05 3.96), educational status (AOR: 3.05,95% CI = 1.68, 3.83), duration of breastfeeding (AOR: 3.09, 95% CI = 1.38, 6.96) and use of modern contraceptives (AOR: 1.94, 95% CI = 1.09, 3.45) were found to be statistically associated with short birth interval. Conclusion and recommendation Majority of the study respondents were practicing short birth interval. Education level, age at first marriage, having female child, short duration of breastfeeding and not using of modern contraceptives were factors associated with the outcome variable. Therefore awareness about modern contraceptive utilization, importance of breastfeeding as birth spacing mechanism and impact of early marriage are recommended.

Dutch broiler flocks are routinely tested for the presence of thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. using a standard cultural procedure for fecal and cecal samples. The objective of this study was to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of fecal and cecal culture for detection of Campylobacter colonization in broiler flocks in absence of a gold standard. Data from 1600 flocks were used from two different populations, whereby only flocks with both fecal and cecal culture results were included in the analysis. Latent class analysis using Bayesian inference was applied to generate the test characteristics of fecal and cecal culture. Two statistical models assuming conditional dependence of both tests on Campylobacter status were used to compare the results. On flock level, the sensitivity of the fecal culture was found to be 21% (95% CI: 12, 31) and 23% (95% CI: 13, 60), and the specificity was 98% (95% CI: 94, 99) and 97% (95% CI: 92, 99) for the two models, respectively. The sensitivity of the cecal culture was 64% (95% CI: 37, 89) and 66% (95% CI: 39, 90), and the specificity was 98% (95 CI: 94, 99) and 95% (95% CI: 72, 99) in respective models. The implications of a low sensitivity as in the case of the fecal culture is important for the design and interpretation of monitoring programmes and may result in excessive false negative test results. Although cecal culture is the more sensitive test, substantial misclassification of infected flocks may still occur.

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is defined as a vaso-proliferative retinal disorder that leads to childhood blindness; and persists as the main cause of preventable childhood blindness. The impact of ROP in developing countries is heavier as term infants can develop ROP because of inadequate awareness of the disease development and the risk factors. Hence, the aim of the study is assessing the prevalence and risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity in the specific study area.Methodology: An institutional based cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted on 301 samples of the pediatrics out-patient eye clinic medical records, at Minilik II referral hospital, from March to April 2020. Study subjects were selected using systematic random sampling method. Data was collected from medical records of all infants visiting the hospital for eye problems from January 2018 to December 2019, using a structured check list. The collected data was entered and cleaned using Epi data 6.4.2.0 and then exported & analyzed using SPSS version 25. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was computed to distinguish the statistically significant factors. Result: The prevalence of ROP among infants in this study showed 39(13%). Of these, more than half (56.4%) were Zone II + Stage 1, followed by Zone II + stage-2, and Stage-5; 12.8% and 10.2% respectively. Birth weight, oxygen therapy and sepsis were the factors significantly associated with ROP [AOR= 39.28; 95% CI: 3.204- 481.658], [AOR= 5.317; 95% CI:1.009- 28.019] and [AOR=9.805; 95% CI:1.592- 60.388] respectively. Conclusions: the prevalence of ROP in the current study is (13%). Birth weight, oxygen therapy and sepsis were the determinant risk factors for development of ROP. Regular ANC, and maternal education may be important to reduce the risk of low-birth weight, and sepsis that results in long-term oxygen therapy leading to childhood blindness.