Background:
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most prevalent cancer in the world when
nonmelanoma skin cases are not considered. Different epigenetic mechanisms play a role in the development
of cancer. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are RNA molecules transcribed from noncoding regions of the
genome. These are divided into sncRNAs (small noncoding RNAs: <200 nucleotides - including miRNAs
[microRNAs], siRNAs [small interfering RNAs], piRNAs [piwi-interacting RNAs], snoRNAs [small
nucleolar RNAs]) and lncRNAs (long noncoding RNAs: >200 nucleotides – includingcircular RNAs
[circRNAs]). NcRNAs can act as oncogenes or as tumor suppressor genes in CRC and are potential biomarkers
of diagnosis, with possible clinical implications.
Objective:
This article aims to make a general review around all types of non-coding RNAs and influence in
colorectal cancer, focus in biomarkesof CRC and their possible applications in clinical practice, as well as
review their biogenesis and functions. Furthermore, we seek to summarize possible databases available for new
searches and studies that require sequence annotation, comparison sequences and target prediction for ncRNAs with the
hope ofgathering information that can aid in the process of understanding and translating the use of ncRNAs into clinical
practice.
Goal: The present study aims to verify the relationship between maternal syphilis and congenital syphilis in Brazil. Methods: Ecological study, with data referring to syphilis in pregnant women and congenital syphilis in Brazil from 2012 to 2021, obtained from the online platform of Syphilis Indicators of the Ministry of Health. Results: A gradual increase in the incidence and detection rate of maternal syphilis and, consequently, of congenital syphilis was observed. A total of 452,826 cases of syphilis in pregnant women and 211,999 cases of congenital syphilis were reported during the study period. In cases of congenital syphilis, the pregnant women received prenatal care (79.5%), and in 53.0% the diagnosis was made during this follow-up, but the treatment was only considered adequate in 4.5%. However, over the years under study, there was a gradual increase in maternal prenatal diagnosis of syphilis in the latent phases and in the 1st trimester. Conclusion: Maternal syphilis and congenital syphilis still have a growing number of records. There seem to be improvements in prenatal care regarding the diagnosis of maternal syphilis, but there are still weaknesses, especially in the treatment, still resulting in a significant number of cases of congenital syphilis.
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