BackgroundThe fluorescein clearance test (FCT) provides insight into the tear film dynamics. The purpose of this study was to describe an inexpensive and practical method for assessing FCT in dogs, using photography and software analysis, and to assess the retention time of 1 vs. 2 eye drops on the canine ocular surface.Methods(i) In vivo - Eight healthy German Shepherd dogs were recruited. Following topical anesthesia with 0.5% proxymetacaine, each eye sequentially received (1 week apart) either 1 drop (35 μL) or 2 drops (70 μL) of 0.5% fluorescein. A Schirmer strip was inserted in the ventral conjunctival fornix for 10 s at the following times: each 10 min for 100 min, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. (ii) In vitro - Schirmer strips were placed for 10 s in contact with microplate wells containing 1 or 2 drops of 0.5% fluorescein. In both experiments, the fluorescein-impregnated Schirmer strips were immediately imaged, and the area and intensity of fluorescein uptake were analyzed with ImageJ software. For the in vitro experiment, images were evaluated by the same examiner (repeatability) or two examiners (reproducibility).ResultsPhotography-based FCT was easy to perform and showed high repeatability and reproducibility (coefficients of variation ≤2.75%). In vivo, the area and intensity of fluorescein uptake on Schirmer strips were significantly greater at 30 min and 40 min post- fluorescein instillation in the 2 drops vs. 1 drop groups (p ≤ 0.044). Compared to baseline, the residual fluorescein uptake on Schirmer strips was < 5% at 60 min and 90 min in the 1 drop and 2 drops groups, respectively.ConclusionsPhotography-based FCT is a practical and reliable diagnostic tool with various clinical and research applications in veterinary medicine. Instillation of two drops provided greater amount and longer retention on the anesthetized canine ocular surface than a single drop. Fluorescein clearance time of a single drop in dolichocephalic dogs is 60 min.
The original article [1] contained an error whereby the respective legends of Figs. 2 and 3 were mistakenly interchanged. This error has now been amended.
Superficial corneal lesions heal rapidly, without needing treatment, once the underlying cause has been identified and removed. However, a chronic stimulus may cause pigment deposits or formation of an exuberant granulation tissue. It reports a case of corneal ulcer in a dog, which during the therapy developed exuberant granulation tissue by the continuous abrasion of synthetic monofilament suture wire on the corneal surface. At the first moment was performed third eyelid flap and topical therapy, requiring full-time protective collar use and return at day 2 and 10 after surgery. The owner returned after 15 days of the surgical procedure reporting no use of the protective collar. The ophthalmic evaluation detected discreet exposure of the eye bulb and contact of surgical thread with the cornea. After removing the flap was observed the presence of an exacerbated granular tissue and prescribed the use of ocular corticosteroids associated with cyclosporine. After 15 days of treatment the cornea showed discrete macula.
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