| Gonadotropin receptors; follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) and luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), are well known for their indispensable function in female reproductive regulation. LHR and FSHR were previously thought to have only gonadal tissue expression, however it has recently been discovered that they are expressed in a range of extragonadal tissues. However, whether these receptors play a role in rabbit uterine development is uncertain. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between uterine development and mRNA and protein expression of FSHR and LHR in the New Zealand white rabbits. Uteri were collected from thirty New Zealand rabbits at Day 0, week (W) 2, W4, W16, and Day18 of pregnancy (n = 6/group), and ovarian histology, gene as well as protein expression were investigated using light microscopy, real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. The findings revealed that uterus was not yet differentiated into its definite three layers, and there was no evidence of glandular development at birth. Primordium of uterine gland formation was first observed at W 2. By W16, extensive tubular glands underwent branching and coiling within the stroma. At pregnancy, endometrial glands became abundant. No significant changes in FSHR and LHR mRNA and protein expression were detected from birth to W16 which was not compatible with the linear increase of histological features of the rabbit uterus during developmental stages. However, the mRNA and protein for these receptors during pregnancy were significantly (p < 0.05) increased. In conclusion, there was no relation between rabbit uterine developmental changes and FSHR and LHR expression, suggesting that these receptors are not involved in regulating rabbit uterine development and that uterine development is controlled by other factors.
Administration of lithium, antidepressant and psychiatric medication, is always prolonged. This study was aimed to detect the adverse effects of long term administration of lithium on cerebral and cerebellar cortices in rats in addition to assess the possible protective effect of curcumin using histological and immunohistochemical methods. Rats were divided into 3 groups (10 for each); group I (control) given distilled water and DMSO orally, group II received lithium carbonate dissolved in distilled water (150 mg/ kg b. wt. / day / intragastric), and group III received curcumin dissolved in 50% DMSO (200 mg/ kg b. wt. / day/ intragastric) 1 hr before lithium carbonate administration for 6 weeks. We examined the cerebrum and cerebellum of rats for glial reactions and cell proliferation by using immunolabelling for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and Ki67, respectively. In lithium treated group, both cerebral and cerebellar cortices showed an increased number of positive glial cells for GFAP that was decreased in curcumin treated group. For ki67, cerebral and cerebellar cortices of both lithium and curcumin treated groups showed an increased number of ki67 immunopositive cells. This study advises to administrate curcumin in concomitant with lithium therapy as it can protect against lithium neurotoxicity. Curcumin protects agains t Lithium adminis tration Emam and El-Shafey Experimental design The experiment followed the guidelines of Ethical Committee of Benha University. The rats were divided into 3 groups, each of 10 rats as follow: Group I (control group): Rats were given the same amount of vehicle (distilled water and DMSO) orally for 6 weeks. Group II: Rats received toxic dose of lithium carbonate dissolved in distilled water (150 mg/kg b.wt./ day/ intragastric according to Vijaimohan et al., 2010) for 6 weeks. Group III: Rats in this group received curcumin dissolved in 50% DMSO (200 mg/kg b.wt/ day/ intragastric) according to Ahmed (2013) 1 hr before the administration of the same dose of lithium carbonate as group II daily for 6 weeks.
Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) is associated with dysfunction of immuno-inflammatory response manifested by imbalanced production of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines as well as decreased Th 1 /Th 2 ratio. In the present work, the effect of interleukin 2 (IL-2) [as the main Th cell activator] on the production of interleukin-10 (IL-10) [as a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine] by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) in CRF patients was studied. The study was conducted on a group of 20 patients with CRF and 10 sex and age matched normal healthy individuals as a group of control. For both groups, the levels of IL-10 were measured in IL-2supplemented and non-supplemented cell culture supernatants of PBMCs. The obtained results were correlated with serum levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) as a marker of CRF associated inflammatory state. Results of the work revealed that IL-10 levels were significantly higher in both IL-2 supplemented (P=0.000) and non supplemented (P=0.000) PBMCs supernatants of CRF group when compared to normal one. This finding reflects the low grade systemic inflammation associated with CRF that is confirmed by significantly elevated HGF serum mean level (P=0.001) in CRF patients than normal subjects in the present study. These results have demonstrated that IL-2 may play a protective role in CRF patients through correction of Th 1 /Th 2 ratio and keeping the balance between pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines in those patients.
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