Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) is associated with dysfunction of immuno-inflammatory response manifested by imbalanced production of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines as well as decreased Th 1 /Th 2 ratio. In the present work, the effect of interleukin 2 (IL-2) [as the main Th cell activator] on the production of interleukin-10 (IL-10) [as a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine] by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) in CRF patients was studied. The study was conducted on a group of 20 patients with CRF and 10 sex and age matched normal healthy individuals as a group of control. For both groups, the levels of IL-10 were measured in IL-2supplemented and non-supplemented cell culture supernatants of PBMCs. The obtained results were correlated with serum levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) as a marker of CRF associated inflammatory state. Results of the work revealed that IL-10 levels were significantly higher in both IL-2 supplemented (P=0.000) and non supplemented (P=0.000) PBMCs supernatants of CRF group when compared to normal one. This finding reflects the low grade systemic inflammation associated with CRF that is confirmed by significantly elevated HGF serum mean level (P=0.001) in CRF patients than normal subjects in the present study. These results have demonstrated that IL-2 may play a protective role in CRF patients through correction of Th 1 /Th 2 ratio and keeping the balance between pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines in those patients.
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