Diazinon (DZN) is one of most dangerous hepatotoxic organophosphorous insecticides used in veterinary practices which induces oxidative stress. The present study aimed to evaluate the ameliorative role of thymoquinone (TQ) in diazinon toxicity. Forty nine male albino rats and were divided into seven groups (n =7 for each). The first group (c-ve group) orally received saline daily all over the experiment (8 weeks). The second group (c+ve1) orally received DZN (15 mg/kg body weight, b-w) for the first four weeks and saline for the next four weeks. The third group (c+ve2) orally received saline for the first four weeks and DZN (15 mg /kg b-w) for the following four weeks. The fourth group (DZN-TQ 10 mg group) received DZN (15 mg/kg b-w) daily for the first four weeks then TQ (10 mg/kg b-w) for the next four weeks. The fifth group (TQ 10 mg-DZN) orally treated with TQ (10 mg/kg b-w) and DZN (15 mg/kg b-w) for the next for weeks. The sixth group (DZN-TQ 5 mg group) received DZN (15 mg/kg b-w) for first four weeks and TQ (5 mg/kg b-w) for the following four weeks 5 mg. The seventh group treated by TQ (5 mg/kg b-w) daily for the first four weeks and DZN (15 mg/kg b-w) for the following four weeks (TQ 5 mg-DZN group). DZN intoxicated groups showed macrocytic hypochromic anemia and serum biochemical alteration related to liver injury, including elevation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and a significant decrease in total protein and albumin. Furthermore, these groups also exhibited a significant increase in liver tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), significant decrease in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and catalase (CAT) activities and over-expression of the two apoptotic hepatic genes Bax and caspase 3. Administration of DZN also resulted in hepatic vacuolation, necrosis and congestion of hepatic sinusoids. Thymoquinone ameliorated the most deleterious effect of diazinon on hematological, biochemical, antioxidant, molecular and histopathological parameters in a dose dependent manner and a prophylactic strategy is better than therapeutic one.

Background: Thyroidectomy is the surgical removal of a partial or complete thyroid gland in case of hyperthyroidism, thyroid cancer and goiter. The aims of this study: were to eveluate effect of designed nursing guidelines on minimizing postoperative complications for patients undergoing thyroidectomy through the following; 1) assess patients' knowledge and practice about thyroidectomy, 2) design nursing guidelines , 3) evaluate the effect of applying these guidelines on minimizing postoperative complications for patients undergoing thyroidectomy. Patients and method: This study was conducted in the general surgery department and outpatient surgery clinic at Assiut University Hospital. A convientent sample of 60 adult patients of both sexes, their ages ranged between 20-65 years old and were divided into two equal groups (study and control) thirty patients for each. Tools: Patient assessment sheet and thyroidectomy complications evaluation sheet. Results: there was statistically significant difference between the study and control groups regarding knowledge and practice scores, wound healing and other thyroidectomy complications. Conclusion: implementation of the designed nursing guidelines in the management of patients undergoing thyroidectomy had improved patients' outcomes: significantly increased level of knowledge and practice scores, and decreased overall postoperative complications rate. Recommendation Providing a written instruction booklet about perioperative care for thyroidectomy is of great importance for the patients.

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Background: Modified radical mastectomy (MRM) is a common surgical procedure used for breast cancer management. MRM often has a negative impact on shoulder function So, early rehabilitation play a critical role in managing shoulder dysfunction. Aim of the study: Determine the effect of early rehabilitation on pain and disability of the shoulder after modified radical mastectomy. Patients and method: A quasi-experimental research design was utilized in this study. It was conducted in the general surgery wards, oncology and general surgery out patient clinics at