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Chronic HCV infection has emerged as a complex multifaceted disease with manifestations extending beyond the liver. HCV plays a direct role in glucose metabolism leading to both insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. To evaluate the changes in the glycemic state following Sofosbuvir-based treatment regimens in diabetic HCV patients. Four hundred chronic hepatitis C patients who underwent Sofosbuvir-based treatment regimens were retrospectively screened. Sixty-five diabetic HCV patients only enrolled in our analysis. Baseline demographic and laboratory data were recorded. Pretreatment Transient elastography was performed. At 24-week post EOT (SVR24), Fasting Plasma glucose, and Hemoglobin A1c were re-evaluated and compared with baseline. All enrolled diabetic patients were responders. They showed statistically significant decline in Fasting Plasma glucose and Hemoglobin A1c values at SVR24. Whatever the degree of hepatic fibrosis, the level of Fasting Plasma glucose and Hemoglobin A1c decreased at SVR24 in comparison to baseline level. Fifty-one patients showed improvement in their Hemoglobin A1c values at SVR24 and this improvement was more likely to occur among patients with low Body mass index. The reduction in Fasting Plasma glucose >20 mg/dL (>1.1 mmol/L) and Hemoglobin A1c ≥0.5% was not associated with age, gender or hepatic fibrosis stage. Sofosbuvir-based regimens are a highly efficient antiviral therapy for diabetic chronic HCV patients resulted in improvement in Fasting Plasma glucose and Hemoglobin A1c.

PurposeThis study examines whether manipulation in attributes of corporate narrative disclosures and the use of graphical representations can bias non-professional investors' judgment towards firms' future performance, in an emerging market context.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conduct three different experiments with a 2 × 2 between-subjects design, using accounting and finance senior undergraduate students to proxy for the non-professional investors.FindingsResults show that simple (more readable) disclosures improve non-professional investors' judgment towards firms' future performance. In addition, it is found that non-professional investors are prone to a recency effect from the intentional ordering of narrative information, when using complex (less readable) narratives. However, no primacy effect is found, when using simple (more readable) disclosures. The results further provide evidence that the inclusion of graphical representations, along with the manipulated narrative disclosures, can moderate the recency effect of information order, when using less readable and complex narrative disclosures.Research limitations/implicationsThe results reveal that although the content of corporate disclosures can be objective, neutral and relevant, manipulation in textual features and the use of graphical presentations, can interact to impact how non-professional investors perceive and process the disclosed information. This study provides an Egyptian evidence regarding this issue, as the majority of prior studies concentrate on developed capital markets. In addition, it contributes to prior studies evaluating the appropriateness of the Belief Adjustment Model predictions about the effect of textual presentation order on decision-making, by providing evidence from an emerging market.Practical implicationsResults attempt to increase the awareness of investors and encourage them to use multiple sources of information to avoid the probable bias that can result from management's manipulation of narratives. In addition, the study could be of interest to regulators and standard-setters, where the results reveal the need for guidelines and regulations to guide the disclosure of narrative information and the use of graphical information in corporate reports.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to examine the effect of two impression management strategies in narrative disclosures (readability and information order), along with the use of graphical representations, on non-professional investors' judgment in an emerging market, like Egypt.

Objectives: To investigate the color stability and translucency of different ceramic laminate veneers for diastema closure bonded with resin cement using different photoinitiating systems based on benzoyl germanium compounds and iodonium salts.Materials and Method: Sixty abutments were milled from a polymethyl methacrylate disc to duplicate a maxillary left central incisor tooth model that had been prepared for laminate veneer restoration. The abutments were devided into six groups (n=10) according to the ceramic type (lithium disilicate, zirconia reinforced lithium silicate, and translucent zirconia) and cement type (Variolink Esthetic LC and RelyX Veneer). Each laminate veneer was bonded to its respective abutment and stored in water for 24 hours. The color coordinates and translucency were analyzed with a reflectance spectrophotometer after cementation and after immersion in coffee solution. The translucency parameters and contrast ratio were measured. The color and the translucency differences were calculated and the data were analyzed (α=.05). The differences in color and translucency were estimated, and the results were statistically assessed (=.05). Results: Ceramic materials showed a significant impact (P ˂.001) on the color changes after coffee immersion within the Variolink Esthetic LC groups. Ttranslucent zirconia showed the highest color change, followed by zirconia reinforced lithium silicate and lithium disilicate. Among the RelyX Veneer groups, the ceramic materials showed a significant impact (P ˂.001). Translucent zirconia showed the highest color change, followed by zirconia reinforced lithium silicate and lithium disilicate. The two-way ANOVA test showed a significant interaction in color changes between ceramic type and cement type after cementation (P=.040), and after coffee immersion (P=.001). All groups showed a clinically acceptable difference in translucency parameters after coffee immersion. The two-way ANOVA test found a non-significant effect (P=.151) on translucency changes.Conclusions: Cement selection is important for the color stability and translucency of ceramic laminate veneers after coffee staining. Lithium disilicate veneer is more resistant to coffee staining than zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate and translucent zirconia veneers. Ceramic laminate veneers bonded with resin cement contain benzoyl germanium compounds (Variolink Esthetic LC) are more translucency. However, ceramic laminate veneers bonded using resin cement contain iodonium salts (RelyX Veneer) are more resistant to coffee staining. Clinical relevance: The dentists have to face challenges of predicting the final color of various ceramic laminate veneer restorations used for diastema closure and estimating its color stability after final cementation.

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Objective To investigate the effect of resin cements on color stability and translucency of ceramic laminate veneer materials used for diastema closure. Materials and Methods Sixty resin abutments were prepared for ceramic veneers and divided into six groups according to the ceramic type (lithium disilicate, zirconia reinforced lithium silicate, and translucent zirconia) and cement type (Variolink Esthetic LC and RelyX Veneer). The color coordinates and translucency were analyzed after cementation and after immersion in coffee solution. The differences in color and translucency were estimated, and the results were statistically assessed (α = .05). Results Ceramic materials showed a significant impact on the color changes after coffee immersion within Variolink Esthetic groups. Zirconia showed the highest color change, followed by zirconia reinforced lithium silicate and lithium disilicate. The ceramic materials showed a significant impact among the RelyX Veneer groups. A significant interaction in color changes between ceramic type and cement type after cementation, and after coffee immersion were found. All groups showed a clinically acceptable difference in translucency parameters after coffee immersion. Conclusions Cement selection is important for the color stability and translucency of ceramic laminate veneers after coffee immersion. Lithium disilicate veneer is more resistant to coffee staining than zirconia reinforced lithium silicate and zirconia veneers. Ceramic laminate veneers cemented with resin cement contain benzoyl germanium compounds (Variolink Esthetic) are more translucency. However, ceramic laminate veneers cemented using resin cement contain iodonium salts (RelyX Veneer) are more resistant to coffee immersion.

Purpose: To identify the stress of the COV-19 and its shocks on its credit in a sample of a group of individual banks. Methodology: Quantities case study had been explained in the conduct of the research and collecting  main data to measure the effect of cov-19 on the system in the bank and its performance as its turned into a systematic banking crisis using SPSS test for (5) banks . Findings: Some of the findings of the study are: 1) With these explaining for the systems of different banks after cov-19, we find cov-19 played a main role in breaking the protection of banking system. 2) No comprehensive or integrated financial treaty on the understanding of banking sector’s resilience.

Background: Recent reports suggested relation between Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ) gene polymorphism and the risk of development of HCC on top of hepatic cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to address the predictive value of Interferon Gamma gene receptor (IFN-γR) polymorphisms for the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma on top of liver cirrhosis. Patients and Methods: This is a case control study performed on patients selected from the outpatient hepatology clinic, specialized medical hospital, Mansoura University, Egypt, from August 2017 to February 2019. The included patients were categorized into two groups; 60 patients with HCC on top of cirrhosis and 20 patients with hepatic cirrhosis. For all patients IFN-γR polymorphism was identified by RFLP. Results: Our study showed that HCC patients had male predominance. Additionally, diabetes mellitus (DM) was found in 28.3% of total HCC patients. Half of HCC patients in this study were from rural areas (50%). The frequency of AA at position -611 in the IFN-γR (-611 IFN-γR) was significantly higher in the HCC group as compared to cirrhotic group (P=0.021). Moreover; the frequency of CC and CT genotypes of IFN-γR -56 was not significantly different in HCC group as compared to control group (P>0.05). The IFN-γR (-611 IFN-γ) AA genotype significantly increased risk of HCC (OR= 0.78, 95% CI= 0.10-6.39; P= 0.042). Conclusion: The analysis of IFN-γR -611 single nucleotide gene polymorphism could be a valuable marker for predicting subgroup of cirrhotic patients with high risk of developing HCC. Cirrhotic patients have AA genotype of IFN-γR-611 recommended to be under close follow up.