ABSTRACT. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess whether the effect of parenthood on alcohol intake varies according to the context in which the drinking act occurs. Method: The data were drawn from the Canadian Addiction Survey, a national telephone survey conducted in 2004. The analytical sample included 1,079 drinking occasions nested in 498 female drinkers and 926 drinking occasions nested in 403 male drinkers between 18 and 55 years of age. A multilevel linear statistical model was used to estimate the variance related to the drinking occasion (Level 1) and to the parental role (Level 2). Results: Parenthood was not associated with alcohol intake per occasion. Drinking context variables brought great explanatory power to the study of alcohol intake, but, overall, the effect of parenthood on alcohol intake did not vary according to the context in which drinking occurs. Only one interaction between the parental role and contextual characteristics was found. Conclusions: Men's and women's alcohol intake within drinking contexts is more likely to be infl uenced by the immediate context in which drinking occurs than by their parental role. The explanation for alcohol behaviors within the general Canadian population may lie as much in the situation as in the person. (J. Stud Alcohol Drugs, 72, 259-269, 2011)
Given that risk and frequency of binge drinking among Canadians increases with their frequency of drinking, any public recommendation to drink moderately should be made with great caution.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this paper is to examine whether there is an underlying multidimensional typology of drinking according to gender among a population presenting heterogeneous drinking profiles in Canada.METHODS: Latent class analysis was chosen to analyze the degree of statistical relationship among three indicators of drinking practices: patterns of drinkingi.e., frequency and quantity; contexts; and motivations to drink. Multivariate multilogistic regressions were conducted to explore the composition of each typology by age and education. Participants were selected from the Canadian GENACIS survey (Gender, Alcohol, and Culture: An International Study) and comprised 871 men and 843 women (N = 1,714) aged between 18 and 77 years and being regular alcohol drinkers (consumption at least once a month). Respondents to the GENACIS questionnaire completed questions on use, contexts and reasons to drink as well as socio-economic questions (age and education), adjusted by Canadian province of residence.RESULTS: Six profiles were distinguished among men and five among women. Men and women share four drinking patterns but present distinctive characteristics of drinking. We also observed variability in the relationship according to socio-economic status and gender.
CONCLUSION:Our results confirmed the complexity and variability of drinking practices according to gender in Canada and the necessity to focus on gender and social dimensions in order to enhance our understanding of alcohol use. This study also reinforces the idea of adapting promotion strategies and interventions in public health by gender and social status in order to make them more efficient. Numerous studies have shown that women drink smaller quantities, drink less often, and get intoxicated on fewer occasions. [4][5][6] While the hypothesis of a convergence between drinking patterns of men and women has been debated over time, this hypothesis has found limited support. 4,7,8 In another way, gender differences in drinking go beyond drinking patterns. Men and women differ with regards to drinking contexts 3 and drinking motives. 9 These drinking practice dimensions are intertwined. [10][11][12] Over and above gender, the individual's position in life course and in social structure have been shown to be key factors in the patterning of drinking. 8,13,14 Hence, a simultaneous analysis among use, contexts and motivations in the definition of drinking practices of men and women will permit us to highlight the complexity of drinking behaviours, and will offer a guide to better develop gender-sensitive prevention related to alcohol use.The aim of this paper is to explore the variability of drinking profiles, and its determinants, among Canadian men and women who drink regularly.The following three questions are addressed: 1) What are the underlying typologies of drinking practices among men and women that adequately represent the variability in drinking practices in Canada? 2) In which respects do those typologies differ and in which are they simila...
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