AbstrakEnterobacter aerogenes merupakan bakteri penyebab berbagai macam infeksi. Salah satu pengobatan berbagai penyakit infeksi yaitu dengan pemberian antibiotik. Penggunaan antibiotik sintetik secara terus menerus dapat menyebabkan resistensi, sehingga untuk mengatasinya diperlukan pencarian bahan obat alami seperti ekstrak tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri, salah satunya yaitu ekstrak daun mangga bacang (Mangifera foetida L.). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi ekstrak daun mangga bacang sebagai antibakteri terhadap E. aerogenes, penentuan konsentrasi hambat tumbuh minimum (KHTM) dan mengidentifikasi golongan senyawa aktif dari ekstrak daun mangga bacang. Ekstrak daun mangga bacang diperoleh dengan cara maserasi menggunakan metanol. Ekstrak yang diperoleh diuji aktivitas antibakteri dengan menggunakan metode difusi sumur. Konsentrasi yang digunakan 1000 ppm, kontrol positif tetrasiklin 1000 ppm dan kontrol negatif aquades. Penentuan konsentrasi hambat tumbuh minimum menggunakan konsentrasi 1000 ppm, 500 ppm, 250 ppm, 125 ppm, 65 ppm, 30 ppm, 15 ppm, 10 ppm, 5 ppm. Ekstraksi daun mangga bacang menunjukan rendemen sebesar 10,61% (b/b) dan diameter zona hambat aktivitas antibakteri konsentrasi 1000 ppm sebesar 5,46 mm. KHTM ekstrak metanol daun mangga bacang terhadap E. aerogenes yaitu pada konsentrasi 5 ppm dengan diameter zona hambat sebesar 1,78 mm. Berdasarkan hasil uji fitokimia ekstrak metanol daun mangga bacang menunjukkan adanya senyawa golongan alkaloid, flavonoid, stereoid, polifenol, tanin, dan saponin.AbstractEnterobacter aerogenes is causes various bacterium infections. One of the treatment of various infectious diseases is by antibiotics treatment. The long-term use of synthetic antibiotics causes antibiotic resistance, so that research exploration of new antibiotic is needed, such as plant extracts potentially as an antibacterial, one of them is leaves extract of mango bacang (Mangifera foetida L.). This study aimed to examine the potential of leaves mango bacang extract as an antibacterial againts E. aerogenes, the determination of minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and active compounds of leaves mango bacang extract. Leaves mango bacang extract obtained methanol maceration. The extract obtained was tested antibacterial activity by using the diffusion wells method. Concentration used was 1000 ppm, tetracycline of 1000 ppm as positif control and aquades as negative control. The determination of MIC was used various concentrations of 1000 ppm, 500 ppm, 250 ppm, 125 ppm, 65 ppm, 30 ppm, 15 ppm, 10 ppm, and 5 ppm. The extraction mango bacang leaves with yielded 10.61 % (b/b) and diameter of zone of the antibacterial activity extract of 1000 ppm was 5.46 mm. The MIC of the methanol extract against E. aerogenes was 5 ppm with the zone diameter of 1.78 mm. Phytochemistry analysis of mango bacang leaves extract using methanol result the alkaloid, flavonoid, stereoid, catakin, tannin, and saponin.
A data set of 231 diverse gemini cationic surfactants has been developed to correlate the logarithm of critical micelle concentration (cmc) with the molecular structure using a quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) methods. The QSPR models were developed using the Online CHEmical Modeling environment (OCHEM). It provides several machine learning methods and molecular descriptors sets as a tool to build QSPR models. Molecular descriptors were calculated by eight different software packages including Dragon v6, OEstate and ALogPS, CDK, ISIDA Fragment, Chemaxon, Inductive Descriptor, SIRMS, and PyDescriptor. A total of 64 QSPR models were generated, and one consensus model developed by using a simple average of 13 top-ranked individual models. Based on the statistical coefficient of QSPR models, a consensus model was the best QSPR models. The model provided the highest R 2 = 0.95, q 2 = 0.95, RMSE = 0.16 and MAE = 0.11 for training set, and R 2 = 0.87, q 2 = 0.87, RMSE = 0.35 and MAE = 0.21 for test set. The model was freely available at https://ochem.eu/model/8425670 and can be used for estimation of cmc of new gemini cationic surfactants compound at the early steps of gemini cationic surfactants development.
Development of anionic surfactant compound isvery important because the anionic surfactant class iswidely used in people's lives. For instance,anionic surfactantsare used as food additives and detergents. The novelcompound of sulfonate-basedsurfactantor proposed compound has predictedthe CriticalMicelle Concentration(CMC) value of experiment. Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship (QSPR)analysisbased on semiempiricalZINDO/1 calculationwas conducted to obtain QSPR equation. Theoretical predictorsor independent variable which have an influence on the value of CMC are used to construct QSPR equation. The theoretical predictors areclassified intopredictor of electronic properties, solubility and steric. A total of 108experimentalCMCbelongs to sulfonate-basedsurfactant are calculated their theoretical predictors and analyzed by multiple linear regression. The QSPR equationwhich is obtainedfromthis study contains theimportant theoretical predictors.They are solubility properties, molecular weight, molecular size and net charge of carbon atomin thepolar partof sulfonate-based surfactant. This QSPR equation couldbe used to predict the CMC value of the novelsulfonate-based surfactant.
Fly ash is an ash with smooth granular shape and black grey color. It is a waste material produced from the burning of coal. The contain of fly ash especially is silica and alumina that it can be used as adsorbent. As adsorbent, fly ash as used to decrease water hardness at Darmakradenan Village, Ajibarang District. The result showed that the porosity of fly ash was 13.6056%, the water content was 0.055%, adsorption capacity of iodium was 216.8975 mg/g, and adsorption capacity of methylen blue was 0,3891 mg/g. Fly ash could decrease total water hardness. The adsorption rise when contact time was added. Adsorption reached equilibrium at contact time 120 minutes with decreasion percentage 63.6363%.
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