This research aims to screen and to identify marine bacteria able to degrade Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). 7 bacterial isolates were screened for the ability to degrade 6 PAHs (phenanthrene, naphthalene, dibenzothiophene, fluorene, phenothiazine, and pyrene). This screening step was conducted by sublimation method, in which the color change or clear zone appearance was used as an qualitative indicator to show the capability of the selected isolate to degrade PAHs. Two bacterial isolates, designated as LBF-1-0102 and LBF1-0103, showed capability in degradating the PAHs tested. In particular, the isolate LBF-1-102 was potential in degrading phenanthrene, naphthalene, dibenzothiphene, fluorene, phenothiazine, and pyrene.The isolate LBF-1-0103 showed the ability in degrading 2 (two) PAHs, i.e. dibenzothiophene and fluorene. Based on partial 16S rDNA analysis, LBF-1-0102 and LBF-1-0103 were identified as Pseudomonas balerica and Brachybacterium sp., respectively.
Oil spills are one of the main causes of pollution in marine environments. Oil degrading bacteria play an important role for bioremediation of oil spill in environment. We collected 132 isolates of marine bacteria isolated from several Indonesia marine areas, i.e. Pari Island, Jakarta, Kamal Port, East Java and Cilacap Bay, Central Java. These isolates were screened for capability to degrade polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Selection test were carried out qualitatively using sublimation method and growth assay of the isolates on several PAHs i.e. phenanthrene, dibenzothiophene, fluorene, naphtalene, phenotiazine, and pyrene. The fifty-eight isolates indicated in having capability to degrade PAHs, consisted of 25 isolates were positive on naphthalene (nap) and 20 isolates showed ability to grow in phenanthrene (phen) containing media. Further, 38 isolates were selected for dibenzothiophene (dbt) degradation and 25 isolates were positive on fluorene (flr). On the other hand, 23 isolates presented capability to degrade in phenothiazine (ptz) and 15 isolates could grow in media with pyrene (pyr). Based on homology analysis of partial 16S rDNA gene, we obtained six taxonomy classes of PAH degrading bacteria, namely α-Proteobacteria (31%), γ-Proteobacteria (43%), Firmicutes Bacilli (12%), Actinobacteria; Micrococcales (9%), Actinobacteria; Propionibacteriales (2%), and Bacteroidetes; Flavobacteriia (3%). In this research, we obtained diverse PAH degrading bacteria from marine areas.
The aim of this research was to evaluate the quality of vegetable waste silages, using rice bran, onggok (cassava flour waste) and pollard as carbohydrate sources. Vegetable waste was collected from local traditional market, consisted of corn husk, chinese cabbage and cabbage. Research was held in randomized block design consisted of six treatments with 3 replications. Treatments were (T1) vegetable waste + rice bran, (T2) vegetable waste + rice bran + rice straw, (T3) vegetable waste + onggok, (T4) vegetable waste + onggok + rice straw, (T5) vegetable waste + pollard, (T6) vegetable waste + pollard + rice straw. Lactobacillus plantarum 1A-2 was used as innoculant. The quality of silages was evaluated by measuring pH, temperature, population of lactic acid bacteria and lactic acid production. Nutrient characteristic was determined by proximate and fiber analysis. Results showed that pH of silages were not affected by treatments, but silage treated with rice bran, with or without rice straw addition, had higher temperature compared with others (29 oC or 28.3 oC). The highest population of lactic acid bacteria (1.65 x 109 cfu/g) was found in silage using rice straw and onggok (T4), but the highest lactic acid production (0.41%) was measured in silage using rice straw and rice bran (T2). In general, the use of rice bran as carbohydrate sources gave the highest lactic acid production followed by pollard and onggok. Different carbohydrate source gave different nutrients characteristic. Although the result was not significantly different, silage with highest protein content was measured in silage with pollard as carbohydrate source, followed with rice bran and onggok. The result showed that all carbohydrate sources used in this experiment can be used as silage ingredient resulting in good vegetable waste silage
ABSTRAKFenotiazin merupakan senyawa dari kelompok hidrokarbon aromatik polisiklik atau polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) yang terkandung di dalam minyak mentah. Fenotiazin bersifat persisten dan mudah terbakar di lingkungan. Selain itu fenotiazin juga menyebabkan iritasi kulit, hepatitis, dan anemia terhadap manusia. Bakteri laut memiliki kemampuan untuk mendegradasi senyawa PAH. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menyeleksi bakteri laut yang berpotensi sebagai hidrokarbonoklastik fenotiazin dan melakukan optimasi konsentrasi fenotiazin untuk studi biodegradasinya. Seleksi isolat dilakukan pada media padat dengan metoda sublimasi dan media cair dengan uji pertumbuhan. Hasil seleksi awal dengan metoda sublimasi menunjukkan 32 isolat sebagai kandidat bakteri pendegradasi fenotiazin. Isolat-isolat ini dikelompokkan menjadi 3 kelompok berdasarkan indikatornya dalam seleksi dengan media padat yaitu isolat yang dapat mengubah warna media, membentuk zona bening, dan isolat yang memiliki kemampuan keduanya. Seleksi dengan menggunakan uji pertumbuhan menunjukkan bahwa isolat LBF-1-0057 yang teridentifikasi sebagai Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain MCCB102 dan isolat LBF-1-0126 memiliki pertumbuhan terbaik dari kelompok isolat yang mengubah warna media. Isolat LBF-1-0102 yang teridentifikasi sebagai Pseudomonas balerica BerOc6 dan isolat LBF-1-0133 yang teridentifikasi sebagai P. aeruginosa ATCC10145 merupakan isolat terbaik dari kelompok zona bening, sedangkan isolat LBF-1-0115 adalah isolat dengan pertumbuhan tertinggi di kelompok berindikator keduanya. Konsentrasi optimum fenotiazin untuk P. aeruginosa strain MCCB102, P. aeruginosa ATCC10145, dan isolat LBF-1-0115 adalah 500 ppm; sedangkan 250 ppm merupakan konsentrasi optimum untuk isolat LBF-1-0126 dan P. balerica BerOc6. KATA KUNCI : bakteri laut, hidrokarbonoklastik fenotiazin, optimasi konsentrasi ABSTRACT Phenotiazine is one compound of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) containing in crude oil. Phenothiazine is persistent and combustible. In addition, it leads to skin irritation
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