ABSTRAKEtnik Sunda sudah sejak lama mengenal bertanam padi di sawah. Bertanam padi seperti ini dilakukan melalui tahapan-Etnik Sunda sudah sejak lama mengenal bertanam padi di sawah. Bertanam padi seperti ini dilakukan melalui tahapan-tahapan tertentu, yakni mulai mengolah lahan sampai dengan memetik padi. Sesuai dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, pertanian sawah mengalami perkembangan, baik terkait dengan sistem irigasi maupun perlengkapan yang digunakan dan pupuk penyubur tanaman serta obat-obatan pembasmi hama. Namun demikian, sampai sekarang masih juga dimanfaatkan teknologi tradisional pertanian sawah oleh orang Sunda. Salah satu alat yang masih digunakan dalam mengolah lahan adalah wuluku 'bajak'. Alat ini digunakan dengan cara ditarik oleh seekor atau dua ekor kerbau. Petugas yang melaksanakan pengolahan lahan dengan menggunakan wuluku ini memberikan instruksi-instruksi tertentu kepada kerbau. Dalam bahasa Sunda, kata wuluku memiliki variasi lain, seperti luku dan singkal. Dari hasil penelitian geografi dialek diketahui bahwa kata wuluku dan variasinya ini menyebar di berbagai daerah sejalan dengan penyebaran teknologi sawah tradisional dalam masyarakat Sunda. Artikel ini mencoba mendeskripsikan kata wuluku dan variasinya beserta penyebarannya secara geografis dalam wilayah tutur bahasa Sunda di Jawa Barat.
This descriptive research discusses the use of discourse markers in a diplomatic setting between the governments of Indonesia and Australia during a Joint Press Conference between Indonesia-Australia Foreign and Defence Ministers. The particular aims of this research are to identify and analyze forms of discourse markers employed by the representatives of each government and describe the most frequent discourse markers used by these representatives. The data were collected from the transcript of the Joint Press Conference between Indonesia and Australia Foreign and Defence Ministers (2+2) Dialogue. The data are classified based on the typology of discourse markers and analyzed to identify their function within the diplomatic discourse. The data are input into the AntConc corpus analysis toolkit for analysis. The results show that the Foreign and Defence Ministers of Indonesia employed three forms of discourse markers, namely textual discourse marker, interpersonal discourse marker, and cognitive discourse marker, whereas the Foreign and Defence Ministers of Australia only applied textual discourse marker and cognitive discourse marker. Both representatives employed textual discourse markers more frequently than other forms of discourse markers. Discourse markers partially control how meaning is constructed by showing turns between speakers, joining concepts, displaying attitude, and finally, controlling communication. By understanding the discourse markers in ministerial dialogues, spectators can learn to find clues in the change of direction in their talks to better understand the conversation that affects the policies and citizens of both countries involved.
The main objective of this study is to develop a theoretical tool to analyze humorelements in Japanese comic (manga). The authors narrow the definition of “tool” as atheoretical framework that can be used in an inductive research. Developing this tool isof importance since evaluating the quality of humor in comic is difficult and subjective,due to the inclusion of humor as a cognitive and cultural product (Hurley et al, 2011).The authors strongly emphasize that this study was a theoretical review one. Weaimed to develop a theoretical foundation pertaining to semiotic analysis in humorousmanga products. To achieve the aim, we applied qualitative content analysis to buildthe foundation inductively. The authors identify that in order to analyze humor inmanga, Berger’s theory of humor techniques (1976, 1993) can be utilized to explorecomical effect in manga. Furthermore, Wilson and Sperber’s framework (2004) canalso be used to evaluate the context of situation pictured in manga. The former theoryis imperative since it highlights the function of drawing representation to buildhumorous atmosphere, while the latter functions to decode the meaning and purposeof humor created by manga creators. To conclude, a theoretical contribution can bewithdrawn from the discussion in this study. However, to really measure Japanese’scognitive and cultural values of humor expression, further application of this analysistool needs to be established in a wider and more comprehensive set of data.
AbstrakArtikel ini membahas makna konseptual kita dan kami yang sering digunakan oleh kedua pasangan calon presiden dan wakil presiden (01 dan 02) melalui analisis skema citra. Dalam pandangan bahasa Indonesia, kata sapaan kita mengacu pada pembicara dan yang diajak bicara sehingga bermakna inklusif. Sementara itu, kata sapaan kami bermakna eksklusif, yakni petutur tidak termasuk di dalam pembicaraan. Dalam debat politik ini, penggunaan sapaan kita dan kami tidak selalu merujuk makna eksklusif dan inklusif. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan semantikkognitif untuk mengkaji skema citra kata kita dan kami terkait konteks debat dalam pandangan semantik kognitif. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan metode korpus dengan menggunakan piranti lunak Antconc. Analisis penggunaan sapaan kita dan kami menggunakan pendekatan semantik kognitif yang menghasilkan skema citra pemaksaan (attraction schemas compulsion): skema citra perpindahan (locomotion—momentum, source-path-goal), dan skema citra pemaksaan (enablement dan removal of restraint).AbstractThis article discusses the conceptual meaning of pronoun kita and kami which were frequently used by both of president and vice president candidates (01 and 02). In Indonesian language, the pronoun kita has the inclusive meaning, i.e. both speaker and hearer are included in the conversation, while kami has the exclusive meaning, i.e. only speaker is included in the conversation and the hearer is excluded. In this presidential debate, the usage of kita and kami does not always refer to the meaningmentioned before. This research aims to identify the conceptual meaning of kita and kami used by both of president and vice president candidates by using semantic cognitive study. The data are collected and analyzed using Antconc software as corpus method. It is concluded that there were compulsion schemas appeared into the data such as attraction schemas, compulsion; locomotion: momentum—source—path-- goal; enablement and removal of restraint.
This article, using the semantic cognitive approach, is to analyze the phenomena of language used by Indonesian people observed through articles published in Newspapers and Social Media. The object of this research is Bandung Mayor. He frequently reveals his ideas in an informal way but still acceptable and his ideas more often are quite interesting. One of the interesting ideas is the usage of "love". His idea of "love" is published in the articles, one is in Indonesian Newspapers and the other one is on his instagram account, entitled "Ridwan Kamil's Love Car". The revelation concept of "love" proposed by Ridwan Kamil is considered as the representative of Sundanesse people cognition. His language concepts are very interesting to be analyzed and discussed in a research. In analyzing the data, we refer to Conceptual Metaphor as proposed by Lakoff (1983), Lakoff and Johnson (1980), the mapping theory refers to Blending Theory as proposed by Langacker (1987), andJohnson's (1987) is referred for the image scheme. The research results show that there are two types of metaphor, i.e. conceptual metaphor and ontological metaphor. In conceptual metaphor, the concept of "love" appears as the containment that needs the container; love is the destination in which it needs a car in order to reach the place; love is mental disease; and love is a fragile sewing thread. In ontological metaphor, it shows that love is a movement to go forward.
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