No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

The etiology of autism is unclear, however autism is considered as a multifactorial disorder that is influenced by neurological, environmental, immunological and genetic factors. Growth factors, including epidermal growth factor (EGF), play an important role in the cellular proliferation and the differentiation of the central and peripheral nervous system. In this study we hypothesized that EGF may play a role in the pathophysiology of autism and examined serum EGF levels in children with autism. We measured serum levels of EGF in the 27 autistic children and 28 age- matched normal controls. The serum levels of EGF in the subjects with autism were significantly higher than those of normal control subjects. However, there were no correlations between serum EGF levels and clinical variables in the subjects with autism. This is the first report demonstrating the increased serum levels of EGF in children with autism. This study suggests that increased levels of EGF might have an importance in the pathophysiology of autism.

The aims of this study were to evaluate possible relationships between trait anxiety, dental anxiety and the total number of decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) index of patients attending a dental school clinic. A sample of 558 patients was surveyed with the Turkish version of the Spielberger Trait Anxiety Inventory and Dental Anxiety Scale. DMFT index was calculated by clinical and radiographic examination. A significant linear correlation was observed between trait and dental anxiety, but there was no correlation between DMFT index, trait anxiety and dental anxiety. Trait anxiety has an impact on dental anxiety, but does not affect the DMFT index.

ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE) and assess risk factors that can cause this disease.MethodsAfter the determination of 15 primary schools in the provincial center of Ankara, questionnaires were given to 15,150 students to be answered by their parents. Detailed urologic history was obtained and physical examination applied to the students whose parents answered the questionnaire. After excluding children with polysymptomatic NE, 14060 questionnaires of MNE patients were evaluated. Demographic features with social and medical history of students and their parents, general approach of family to the children, school success of the students and general behavioral attitudes, method of toilet training and the presence of nocturnal enuresis were questioned.ResultsMNE was determined in 9.0% (n: 1266) of the students and nocturnal enuresis frequency was higher in boys than girls (P<0.05). Univariate analysis revealed gender, method of toilet training, sleep problems, school success, and general approach of the family to children and general behavioral attitudes of the children as significant factors. In logistic regression analysis; age, male gender, toilette training with threatening method, deep sleeper, sleep walking, being introverted and shy, significantly increases the risk of nocturnal enuresis.ConclusionsThe current study suggests that the methods of toilet training are extremely important to prevent bedwetting and behavioral disorders due to enuresis. Parents should be well-informed about the appropriate toilet training method.

Sex of the baby is an important fantasy object for pregnant women. The objective of this study was to assess the preferences of women for their infants' sex. In this study, 99 primiparous women were included, and accordance of their desires with the newborns' actual sex and feelings about it were examined. All of the mothers were newly delivered and had healthy newborns (53 girls, 46 boys). Before birth, 49 (49.5%) mothers prefered to have a daughter, 25 (25.3%) mothers prefered to have a son, and 25 (25.3%) mothers reported no preferences about the infant's sex, a statistically significant preference for girls. There was no significant difference in the reported emotions of women according to sex preference and its concordance with infants' actual sex after delivery. It is considered that the timing of the interview might be a strong predictor for this result.