The presence of gamma-oryzanol in rice bran oil can be 10⁻20-fold higher than tocopherol and tocotrienol. Gamma-oryzanol has various pharmacological properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of rice bran extract as a gastroprotective in reducing lesions in ethanol-induced acute gastric ulcer models in rat, using the ionic liquid-microwave-assisted extraction (IL-MAE) method. Rice bran extract was obtained using the IL-MAE method with ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [BMIM]BF₄ (concentration 0.7 M), and a ratio of solid/liquid of 15 g/mL, 15 min extraction time, and 10% microwave power. The rats were pretreated with rice bran extract at different doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight; BW) for seven days and subsequently exposed to acute gastric lesions induced by 80% ethanol. Omeprazole (36 mg/kg BW) was used as a standard anti-ulcer drug. The ulcer index, gastric juice acidity, and mucus levels were measured to assess the degree of gastroprotection. The results showed that the oral administration of rice bran extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg BW significantly inhibited the development of ulcer formation by 66.75% and reduced gastric acid levels. Moreover, gamma oryzanol and omeprazole protected the gastric mucosa from ethanol-induced gastric lesions by increasing the level of gastric mucus. Rice bran extract is effective as a gastroprotective therapy sourced from natural ingredients in treating the incidence of gastric ulcers. Most likely, this is related to gamma oryzanol as a bioactive compound contained in rice bran ( L.).

Objective: Rice bran oil has many helath benefit. The biologically active compounds of rice bran oil are fatty acids, squalene, tocopherols, phytosterols, tocotrienols, oryzanol, and polyphenols. Gamma oryzanol is a combination of at least 10 components of ferulic acid esters and alcohols triterpene. Gamma oryzanol has pharmacological activity includes cardiovascular disease, antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, antiulcerogenic, neuroprotective and action immunomodulator. Ionic liquids are an environmentally friendly solvent used in the extraction and separation of bioactive compounds from plants. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of inorganic salts addition on ionic liquid [Bmim]PF 6 in increasing levels of gamma oryzanol from rice bran. Method: In the experiments, IL [Bmim]PF 6 -MAE method was used to separated gamma oryzanol compound, and then was partitioned with hexane after the addition of inorganic salts: KH 2 PO 4, NaCl, NaNO 3 and Na 2 CO 3 , respectively. Gamma oryzanol content was determined by HPLC analysis. A mixture of mobile phase (methanol:acetonitrile:isopropan ol (5:4:1) and isocratic conditions at a wavelength of 327 nm. The flow rate is set at 1 ml / min..Results: The highest levels of γ-oryzanol was produced from the addition in KH 2 PO 4 + : This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

Excessive fat accumulation in the obese body causes chronic low-grade inflammation. The continuous occurrence will affect health, which may lead to damage to cell metabolism related to metabolic age. Therefore, anthropometric application by measuring neck circumference (NC) and body mass index (BMI) was performed. The aim of this study was to determine NC cut-off which can be used to identify the increase of metabolic age in an individual. This study is a diagnostic study using cross sectional design using subjects who met the criteria needed for this study (n = 82). BMI and NC anthropometric measurements were performed in this study. Metabolic age was measured using Bioelectrical Impedance Analyzer (BIA). Data were analyzed using 2 x 2 diagnostic table and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve to obtain Area Under Curve (AUC). The results showed that the highest BMI was obese (65.8%) with the most common age of 30-57 years old. The result of ROC-AUC NC on metabolic age showed that AUC value of NC measurement was 0.77, cut-off ≥ 33 cm, sensitivity 71.2%, and specificity 69.6%. This study concludes that the cut-off value of NC in predicting the increase of metabolic age had good sensitivity and specificity.

The effect of IL solvent and the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) including concentration IL, the ratio of liquid/solid, time extraction and microwave power in the result of gamma oryzanol extract in rice bran (Oryza Sativa L.) were investigated. The application of IL [Bmim] PF6 as a selected solvent in the MAE method was developed for the extraction of gamma oryzanol from rice bran. The Box-Behnken design on four factors with response surface methodology version 10 was used to optimize experimental conditions. The optimum process for the MAE using ionic liquids ([Bmim]PF6) concentration 0.7 M [Bmim]PF6 solution, the ratio of liquid/solid 15mL/g, extraction time 10 min, and 30% microwave power with the gamma oryzanol value of 0.27 mg/g.The IL-MAE method is more efficient for the extraction of gamma oryzanol compounds from rice bran. Abbreviation:[Bmim] PF6 : 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate; IL : ionic liquid; MAE : microwave-assisted extraction; RSM : Response Surface Methodology; HPLC : High-performance liquid chromatography

This study investigated the effect of ionic liquid (IL)-microwave assisted extraction (MAE) on γ-oryzanol extraction from rice bran (Oryza sativa L.). The conditions included the concentration of IL, liquid (IL)/ solid (sample) ratio, extraction time, and microwave power. The use of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ([Bmim]BF 4 ) as a selected solvent in IL-MAE method was developed for extraction of γ-oryzanol from rice bran. The Box-Behnken design on four factors with response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the experimental conditions. The optimum conditions for the MAE were a [Bmim]BF 4 concentration of 0.7 M, liquid/solid ratio of 15 mL/g, extraction time of 10 minutes, and 30% microwave power with a γ-oryzanol value of 0.41 mg/g. The experimental values agreed with those predicted by the RSM models. A microplate reader method was used to determine the IC 50 value in tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the extract. An IC 50 value of the extract obtained from IL-MAE was 1240 µg/mL. This study suggests that IL-MAE is suitable for the extraction of γ-oryzanol from rice bran and that under the optimum conditions the extract has low activity as a tyrosinase inhibitor. Keywords[Bmim]BF 4. Ionic liquid. IL-MAE. γ-oryzanol. Tyrosinase. Xu Z, Godber JS. Comparison of supercritical fluid and solvent extraction methods in extracting gamma-oryzanol from rice bran. Ionic liquid-based ultrasound assisted extraction of fangchinoline and tetrandrine from Stephaniae tetrandrine.

Peptic ulcers are one of the global health problems in the world. However, most of these drugs have unwanted side effects and drug interactions that this research focuses on the use of plant products as an anti gastric ulcer. The phytochemical of Passiflora foetida L. leaves or better known by the name of the Central Borneo with 'Cemot' such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannin has potential as a gastroprotective. This study used the method of extraction of non-conventional, namely the UAE, because it has advantages compared with other conventional methods. This study aims to investigate the gastroprotective activities of ethanol extract of Passiflora foetida leaves-UAE. Cemot extract was obtained by UAE method using a concentration of ethanol (70%), the ratio of sample/liquid (10g/mL) for 3 minutes. Three groups of rats treated with a respective dose of the extract (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg BW), one group of rats treated with omeprazole 36 mg/kg BW for seven days before peptic ulcer induction using ethanol. The activity gastroprotective with measurement of lesion of gastric ulcer index and the percentage of inhibition ulcer. Group of rats treated with 200 mg/kg BW extract showed a decreased the ulcer index and ulcer inhibition than the other extract dosage groups, respectively 2.83 and 35.34%. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study concluded that the cemot extract has potential as a gastroprotective.

Gnetum gnemon L. (Melinjo) seeds have high trans-resveratrol, which was known to have poor skin absorption ability. This study was performed to evaluate the skin absorption of ionic liquid-melinjo seed extract (IL-MSE) loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN). The SLNs was formulated with glyceryl monostearate as the lipid ingredient, ceteareth-25, ceteareth-6, stearyl alcohol, an aqueous phase, and 10% melinjo seed extract. The SLNs were prepared by modification of high-pressure homogenization. The polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, entrapment efficiency (EE), particle size (PS), and morphological scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were evaluated. The in vitro penetration of IL-MSE SLN was carried out by using the Franz cell diffusion method. The SLNs formulations showed an average of particles size about 794 nm, and with high lipid and surfactant, the content could contributing to high entrapment efficiency to almost 89%. Even though the polydispersity index of SLN was 1.229, and zeta potential measurement was 62.56 mV. Up to 45% of the trans-resveratrol penetrated through the skin after 8 hours of the test run. The IL-MSE loaded to SLNs could improve the absorption of trans-resveratrol through the skin.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that global concern and characterized by hyperglycemia. Tests for antidiabetic agents, either discovering new drugs or antidiabetic components, have been developed using experimental animals induced with the diabetogenic agent streptozotocin. The side effects of streptozotocin were reported lower than alloxan. The sensitivity of streptozotocin induction can be relied on by several factors such as sex and hormones—the difference in results in several studies regarding the relationship between streptozotocin induction sensitivity with gender. The research method is a literature review using a systematic approach. Articles are collected through search engines like NCBI, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate by entering keywords. Based on the results of data synthesis on the relationship between streptozotocin induction sensitivity and the sex of the experimental animal, it was found that fifteen articles were related and three articles were not. Sex has a relationship with streptozotocin induction's sensitivity through the hormones estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone.