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In this study, we expand on the existing work on job crafting by focusing on (1) within-person fluctuation in affective experiences in relation to job crafting and person-job fit and (2) between-person fluctuations in personal growth initiative (PGI) as an important boundary condition of these relationships. Using multilevel data from 116 employees (341 observations), our results showed that fluctuations in positive active emotions (PAE) and negative active emotions (NAE) related positively to daily job crafting; this relationship was moderated by overall PGI levels. Next, we found a positive association between daily job crafting and daily person-job fit. Finally, we found indirect effects from NAE and PGI to daily fluctuations in person-job fit via daily fluctuations in job crafting; NAE and PGI energized employees to engage in daily job crafting, which contributed to their daily person-job alignment. We discuss implications for theory and practice. JEL CLASSIFICATION: M0

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Objectives Previous research revealed burnout in one third of the Belgian critical care physicians. Burnout leads to absenteeism, affects quality and safety of care, while work-engagement positively affects personal performance and involvement in the organisation. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, determinants and consequences of burnout and work-engagement in a representative sample of Belgian physicians across all medical specialties. Methods A multi-centre survey was conducted using a 2-phased convenience sample: 1) all general and psychiatric hospitals were invited and 2) an electronic questionnaire was send to all doctors from the participating institutions. The 29-item “Utrechtse Burnout Scale” measured 3 dimensions, “emotional exhaustion (EE)”, “depersonalisation (DP)” and “personal accomplishment (PA)”, scored on a likert-scale (0(never)- 6(always/daily)). Doctors with high EE (mean score>2.50) and high DP (mean score>1.80(men)/>1.60(women)) or low PA (mean score<3.71) were considered at risk. Burnout was defined as high EE and high DP and low PA. The 9-item “Utrechtse Work-Engagement Scale” using a similar likert-scale determined work-engagement (mean score>5). Socio-demographics, theory-based determinants and consequences were measured using validated scales. Results Thirty-seven hospitals (20%) joined the study and 1198 doctors (47% female, mean age: 43.66) completed the questionnaire. Almost 89% had at least a master-after-master degree and 62% were medical specialists. The most represented specialties were anesthesia-resuscitation (12%), internal medicine (7.3%) and paediatrics (6.8%). Forty percent, 27.9% and 15.3% suffered from EE, DP and low PA respectively. Burnout was detected in 5.4%, 17.8% were at risk and 63% demonstrated high work-engagement. Important burnout determinants were “workload”, “role conflicts” and “emotional strain”. “Autonomy”, “skill utilisation” and “physician-nurse relation” determined work-engagement. Conclusions A slightly higher number of Belgian doctors suffered from burnout compared to previous studies, yet also showed work-engagement. Further analysis on determinants will be conducted as a base for preventive measures and actions to improve work-engagement.

The social identity of unemployed: effects on well-bein The social identity of unemployed: effects on well-bein Based on Tajfel and Turner's (1979) Social Identity Theory, we distinguish two aspects of the social identity of the unemployed: social comparison with the employed (the in-group image of the unemployed) and social identification with the unemployed. We expect that the unemployed will evaluate their group in more negative terms compared to the employed. A negative in-group image and the social identification with the unemployed are expected to correlate negatively with various aspects of well-being. Finally, we hypothesise that cultural and economic conservatism and the traditional work ethic are associated with a negative in-group image and a lower identification with the unemployed. Data of unemployed individuals (N = 300) were gathered by means of a written questionnaire. The results confirm our hypotheses regarding the in-group image and the association between both aspects of social identity and various well-being measures. Only the traditional work ethic was found to correlate negatively with the in-group image, whereas only economic conservatism correlated negatively with the identification with the unemployed. The theoretical and practical implications of our findings are discussed.

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