Previous studies have led to conflicting results regarding the effect of hesperidin supplementation on cardiometabolic markers. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of hesperidin supplementation on lipid profile and blood pressure through a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, as well as the reference lists of the identified relevant RCTs, were searched up to May 2018. Effect sizes were pooled by using the random effects model. Ten RCTs (577 participants) were eligible to be included in the systematic review. The meta‐analysis revealed that hesperidin supplementation had no effect on serum total cholesterol (weighted mean difference [WMD] = −1.04 mg/dl; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −5.65, 3.57), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (WMD = −1.96 mg/dl; 95% CI [−7.56, 3.64]), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (WMD = 0.16 mg/dl; 95% CI [−1.94, 2.28]), and triglyceride (WMD = 0.69 mg/dl; 95% CI [−5.91, 7.30]), with no significant between‐study heterogeneity. Hesperidin supplement also had no effect on systolic (WMD = −0.85 mmHg; 95% CI [−3.07, 1.36]) and diastolic blood pressure (WMD = −0.48 mmHg; 95% CI [−2.39, 1.42]). Hesperidin supplementation might not improve lipid profile and blood pressure. Future well‐designed trials are still needed to confirm these results.

Objective: Assessing relationship between low carbohydrate diet (LCD) score and metabolic syndrome (Mets) in Iranian adults. Design: Cross-sectional study Setting: Yazd Health Study and Taghzieh Mardom-e-Yazd study. Participants: Data of 2074 participants were used. Dietary intakes were assessed by a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. LCD score was calculated for each person by summing up the assigned scores to deciles of energy percentages from macronutrients. Mets was evaluated using National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Eventually, association between LCD score and Mets was examined using logistic regression. Results: Total Mets prevalence was approximately 40.5%. After adjustment for confounders, subjects in the higher quartile of LCD score had a significant lower chance of Mets versus lower quartile among all participants (Q4 versus Q1: OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.50-0.92) and separately in men (Q4 versus Q1: OR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.34-0.86) and women (Q2 versus Q1: OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.34-0.82). Furthermore, more LCD adherence in men reduced abdominal obesity by 47% (Q3 versus Q1OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.28-0.99). Low HDL cholesterol was also observed both in the highest quartile of LCD score in all participants (OR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.56-0.99) and separately in men (OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.40-0.98) versus the first quartile. Conclusions: More adherence to LCD might be related to lower chance of Mets and some of its components such as low HDL cholesterol and abdominal obesity specially in men. Further studies are required to confirm the findings.

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