Otoconial material was obtained from a number of vertebrates to determine the CaC03 polymorph present. Otoconia and otoliths from bony fish, amphibians, and reptiles are primarily aragonitic; those from birds and mammals are calcitic. This paper summarizes data from all other investigators as well as presenting new data, particularly pertaining to reptiles. The significance, if any, of the relationship between taxonomic group and carbonate polymorph remains an intriguing question.
Various metals in common use for shadow casting were evaporated in vacuo and their empirical evaporation efficiencies were compared with a weight method and with multiple-beam interferometry. A nomograph and appropriate correction factors were developed for rapid and accurate thin-film thickness predictions. Use of the evaporation formula to determine thickness gave values ranging from one-half to two times as much as those obtained by multiple-beam interferometry. Individual variations are believed due to alloying characteristics and physical properties of the evaporated film. A method is presented which enables thin-film thickness predictions with a high degree of accuracy for the materials used.
Several attempts were made to observe the modulation of an electron beam by a laser (the Schwarz-Hora effect). These were not successful and possible reasons are reported.
Replicas of previously prepared alkali halides were found to be extraction replicas with metal-containing colloidal particles. These particles were examined in the scanning and the transmission electron microscopes. It is shown that qualitative and quantitative elemental analysis of such colloidal particles may be performed in both instruments. Comparisons are made and limitations are discussed.
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