The Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud technologies are increasingly implemented in the form of Cyber-Physical Systems of Systems (CPSoS) for the railway sector. In order to satisfy the security requirements of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), domainspecific risk identification assessment procedures have been developed. Threat modelling is one of the most commonly used methods for threat identification for the security analysis of CPSoS and is capable of targeting various domains. This paper reports our experience of using a risk management framework identify the most critical security vulnerabilities in CPSoS in the domain and shows the broader impact this work can have on the domain of safety and security management. Moreover, we emphasize the application of common analytical methods for cyber-security based on international industry standards to identify the most vulnerable assets. These will be applied to a meta-model for automated railway systems in the concept phase to support the development and deployment of these systems. Furthermore, it is the first step to create a secure and standard complaint system by design.
Background
We present a sketch for a nationwide “Mobility Service Guarantee” (MSG) for Austria. The approach follows a new paradigm, turning away from car-centric transport policy and planning and towards the extensive provision of public transport. The approach is complemented by the provision of demand-responsive transport services and the support of vehicle sharing as well as active mobility. This combination should serve as an effective alternative option to the use of private cars.
Purpose
The aim of this study is to develop a tangible definition of a nationwide MSG in the Austrian context as well as possible design scenarios.
Methods
We took a multi-dimensional approach, using literature review to research existing concepts of mobility guarantees, analysing secondary data on current mobility behaviour and public transport provision and conducting stakeholder workshops.
Results
We define possible scenarios envisioning a nationwide MSG including different extents of maximum distance to public transport stops and minimum frequency. We discuss the limitations of the MSG with respect to spatial, temporal and modal coverage, as well as how such a guarantee could be embedded in the existing legal system.
Conclusions
We conclude that a nationwide MSG could be an important element of sustainable transport policy that should be embedded in a wider strategy of infrastructure and service design as well as demand management.
In recent years the development of autonomous vehicles has increased tremendously and a variety of methodologies had been applied to make them more safe and secure. This work shows a multilevel approach combining Failure Mode, Effects and Criticality Analysis of an autonomous railway system with sociological and technical aspects to support safe operations and human-machine interactions in the field of autonomous railway systems. This approach includes all relevant technical components, as well as the assessment of measures for a safety process based on the Failure Mode, Effects and Criticality Analysis. We applied the Persona-Roberta model to assess safety aspects at the interface between humans and machines and applied both results to establish training materials. The results provide answers to questions about the avoidance of technical errors, discussions on security and safety aspects and shows organizational development tools for accident prevention. In the future the created knowledge will be used to improve trust in digital solutions and Cyber-Physical Systems.
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