Subject. Oral malodour (halitosis) in patients with periodontal disease. Objectives. To study and review the literature on local (dental) and general (internal diseases) factors causing halitosis in patients with periodontal disease. Conclusion. The present literature review provides a sufficient basis to state that the problem of halitosis is relevant; there is presented the overview of developed classifications and identified combinations of main causes of halitosis linking the extent of ozostomia to oral hygiene status and gingival hemorrhage. By modern molecular genetic technologies (polymerase chain reaction and 16S ribosomal RNA gene chipping), advances have been made in understanding the main role of uncultivated anaerobic oral pathogens associated with halitosis. The materials of this literature review help to get the complex idea of the problem of halitosis in patients with inflammatory periodontal disease and can be used by dental clinicians in health care practice.
Subject. Microbial landscape of the oral cavity is a highly sensitive systemic indicator reacting to changes in different body organs and systems by qualitative and quantitative shifts. The unique ability of microbiocenosis of the oral cavity to self-regulate and maintain the ecological balance creates a personal health profile of an individual and assumes that a timely correction of microbiocenosis shall be added to required treatment patterns for various dental and somatic diseases. This approach ensures the protective effect of growth of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria improving quality of therapy and patient recovery time. Objectives. To study dynamics of clinical and microbiological changes in the oral cavity in patients with periodontitis and hypothyroidism on the background of complex therapy with inclusion of synbiotic Maxilac. Materials and methods. Based in the Ural State Medical University Department of Therapeutic Dentistry and Propedeutics of Dental Decease, the study of oral microbiology was carried out on 50 generalized moderate periodontitis patients aged 44 to 59 years during the period from 2017 to 2021. The average age of the subjects was 50.50±3.5 years. Two groups were formed: the main group (30 patients with “primary hypothyroidism” receiving hormone therapy) and the comparison group (20 patients). The patients in the main group were prescribed general therapy by the endocrinologist based on the phase, stage and the severity of the disease. During examination all patients underwent the complex clinical and laboratory evaluation before treatment, in its course and after it, as well they were subjected to full mouth debridement and the course of the complex periodontal therapy in accordance with clinical recommendations. Microbiota was corrected by active ingredient probiotic (lyophilized probiotic bacteria) — 4.5*109 CFU (colony-forming unit): Lactobacillus elveticus, lactis, rhamnosus, plantarum, casei; Bifidobacterium longum, breve, bifidum; Sreptococcus thermophilus. Results. The study of microbiocenosis of the oral cavity of patients with primary hypothyroidism demonstrated changes in species and the number of microorganisms in the oral cavity. Conclusions. Timely diagnostics and correction of disbiotic changes included in the dental treatment protocol will allow to select the most appropriate dental treatment strategy.
Thing. The significance of the study is associated with high prevalence of inflammatory diseases of paradontium and a variety of medications used for systemic treatment of the said pathology. Searching effective approaches aiming to achieve a required and adequate therapeutic effect excluding complications from unwanted effects and toxic side effects of systemic medications assumes the priority application of local delivery systems. Objective ― to study available literature data on local drug delivery systems as film forming transmucoid therapeutic systems in periodontology. Methodology. The study was based on searching and examination of scientific publications on film forming transmucoid therapeutic systems in databases of PubMed, eLIBRARY, Scopus, Web of Sciens, Medline. The materials were searched by the key words. Results. The review presents research data of different authors, explains the definition of transmucoid therapeutic systems, offers main classifications, describes methods of manufacture of polymer film systems and their characteristics, gives some variants of matrix membrane transport and the most popular representatives of the basement membrane. Conclusions. Studying literature helped to identify the diversity of the range, characteristics and advantages of applying transmucoid therapeutic systems used to treat inflammatory diseases of paradontium. Further detailed polymer researches focused to maintain chemical stability, specifics of diffusion, metabolism, solubility and dose-limiting toxicity are intended to increase safety and efficacy of applied local polymeric film delivery systems.
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