The role played by hereditary factors in the development of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) has not yet been fully established. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to investigate the prevalence of adiponectin and polymorphism in its gene receptors in connection with the primary symptoms of DM2 pathogenesis. Genomic DNA was isolated from the whole blood of 94 patients with an established diagnosis of DM2 using the phenol–chloroform method. Gene polymorphisms were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The most common polymorphic variants in patients with DM2 were the genotypes AA (rs11061971) and GG (rs16928751) on the ADIPOR2 gene. A strong correlation was found between the rs16928751 polymorphism on the ADIPOR2 gene and increased body mass index (BMI). TG (rs2275737) ADIPOR1 gene genotype carriers were found to have the highest levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1), whereas TT (rs2275738) caused stable hyperglycemia. In addition, the rs16928751 ADIPOR2 gene polymorphism showed an association with the development of key mechanisms of DM2 in the Russian population, although a number of genomic searches failed to show any association of this gene with DM2. Unique gene variants associated with the risk of developing DM2 in the Crimean population were established.
Abdominal obesity coupled with polygenic hereditary defects is considered the initial event in the development of metabolic syndrome (MS). The purpose of this study was to analyse the frequency with which polymorphic loci of adiponectin (ADIPOQ) and leptin (LEP) genes occur in patients with MS and the association between the symptoms of MS and these polymorphisms. DNA was isolated from the whole blood of 207 patients with MS and 100 healthy individuals (control group) using the phenol-chloroform method. Gene polymorphisms were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The most common variant of the ADIPOQ (rs2241766) gene among MS patients was the GT genotype. The A allele of the LEP (rs7799039) gene was found to be the most frequent in MS patients. The highest systolic blood pressure was found in carriers of the GG genotype of the LEP (rs7799039) gene. The carriers of the ADIPOQ (rs2241766) GT genotype were associated with the highest systolic blood pressure and body mass index (BMI); carriers of the ADIPOQ (rs2241766) GG genotype were associated with the highest diastolic blood pressure, hyperglycaemia, and elevated glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). The results of this study allowed us to establish the unique gene variants associated with the risk of developing MS in the Crimean population.
Цель. Изучить частоту, экспрессию и симультанность факторов риска колоректального рака у пациентов госпитального контингента. Материалы и методы. Ретроспективно исследованы статистические данные 1690 пациентов с колоректальным раком (КРР). Клинические признаки оценивались по историям болезни 180 пациентов с КРР, отобранных методами случайной выборки и систематического отбора построения выборки (каждая десятая из генеральной совокупности всех пациентов с КРР). Анкетированием пациентов с КРР, на основании их информированного согласия, изучены факторы риска у 80 человек (случайная выборка; каждый второй от среднего ежегодного числа пациентов с КРР). Результаты. Доля женщин составила 52,5%, мужчин-47,5%. Средний возраст пациентов 69 (61-77) лет. До манифестации заболевания фиксировалась избыточная масса тела в 40,9% случаев, ожирение в 39,4% случаев. Женщины с колоректальным раком чаще, чем мужчины имели сахарный диабет 2 типа в 4 раза (р=0,015), холецистэктомию в 2,5 раза (р=0,09), сочетанную патологию в 3 раза (р=0,24) и длительный анамнез по воспалительным заболеваниям кишечника в 5 раз (р<0,05). У мужчин с колоректальным раком чаще, чем у женщин встречалась гиподинамия (в 5 раз, р=0,003) и курение (в 2 раза, р=0,23). Заключение. Факторами риска колоректального рака являлись возраст 55 лет и более, избыточная масса тела и ожирение, сахарный диабет 2 типа.
With an increase in body mass index, waist circumference, and an increase in blood glucose, the risk of colorectal cancer increases. The aim of the work was to evaluate metabolic predictors of colorectal cancer in patients of the Republic of Khakassia. The case group includes patients with colorectal cancer. The average age of men is 66.5 (62.7-71.4) years, of women - 62.5 (57.2-67.4) years. The «control» group included patients with metabolic syndrome without malignant neoplasms, similar to the «case» group by sex and age: the average age of men - 53.8 (47.3-57.4) years, women - 61.9 (48, 1-61.6) years. The «control» group included patients with metabolic syndrome without malignant neoplasms, similar to the «case» group by sex and age: the average age of men - 53.8 (47.3-57.4) years, women - 61.9 (48, 1-61.6) years. In the case group with colorectal cancer, excess body weight was recorded in 81.3% of patients before the onset of malignant neoplasms, normal and overweight were more common in men, and obesity of the 1st degree - in women. The number of obese and overweight patients increases after the age of 60, regardless of gender. In addition, among patients with colorectal cancer, there is a statistically significant increase in patients with 5-component metabolic syndrome, both among women and among men. By stratifying patients by body mass index, excess body mass was established in all representatives of the «control» group with metabolic syndrome. After 50 years, the number of men with obesity of 1 and 3 degrees increased, and after 60 years - it sharply decreased. The number of women with grade 1 obesity increased sharply by the age of 60, and remained at a later age. The metabolic syndrome among men under the age of 50 is mainly represented by three terms, in the period 50-60 years, the propor- tion of patients with 4 and 5 components increases, and after 60 years, the multicomponent level decreases sharply. Among women, the expansion of components is also associated with an increase in age, however, after 60 years, the number of patients with metabolic syndrome increased sharply.
Introduction. In recent decades, there has been a decrease in the prevalence of peptic ulcer (PU), but this trend does not correlate with the frequency of bleeding and mortality from PU: the disease remains the main cause of bleeding with a high mortality rate. Aim. To study the predictors of urgent complications of PU, using endoscopic, laboratory and clinical signs of gastric bleeding. Materials and methods. Observational cross-sectional (one-stage) study of 181 hospital patients diagnosed with ulcerative disease (84 men, 97 women), mean age 53 ± 27.6 (18–89) years. The stratification of endoscopic characteristics of ulcerative defects of the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum (DU) was carried out according to the Clinical guidelines “Diagnosis and treatment of PU in adults (2020)”, bleeding assessment – according to the Forrest classification (1974), selection of patients’ age by periods: 18–35 years (young age); 36–59 years (average age); 60–74 years old (old age); 75–89 years old (old age). Results. The results of studies have shown that the potential for ulcer bleeding is increased in the presence of the following factors. An increase in the patient’s age (the proportion of middle age is 44.2%, the elderly – 35.4%) and male gender. Duration of ulcer history (46.9%), H. pylori-positivity (74.6%); comorbidities requiring anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (70.1%), the presence of two or more risk factors (20.4%). Conclusion. Not only predictors of urgent complications of PU have been established, but also a dissonance indicating a high frequency of occult bleeding in the disease. The frequency of laboratory symptoms of anemia – 55.8%; endoscopic signs – 19.3%, including stigmata of a high risk of rebleeding – 14.3%; clinical symptoms of gastric blood loss – 14.4%. The risk of complications and mortality is associated with both frequent latent course and escalation of NSAID consumption.
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