Polymorphism in Adiponectin and Adiponectin Receptor Genes in Diabetes Mellitus Pathogenesis

Abstract

The role played by hereditary factors in the development of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) has not yet been fully established. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to investigate the prevalence of adiponectin and polymorphism in its gene receptors in connection with the primary symptoms of DM2 pathogenesis. Genomic DNA was isolated from the whole blood of 94 patients with an established diagnosis of DM2 using the phenol–chloroform method. Gene polymorphisms were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The most common polymorphic variants in patients with DM2 were the genotypes AA (rs11061971) and GG (rs16928751) on the ADIPOR2 gene. A strong correlation was found between the rs16928751 polymorphism on the ADIPOR2 gene and increased body mass index (BMI). TG (rs2275737) ADIPOR1 gene genotype carriers were found to have the highest levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1), whereas TT (rs2275738) caused stable hyperglycemia. In addition, the rs16928751 ADIPOR2 gene polymorphism showed an association with the development of key mechanisms of DM2 in the Russian population, although a number of genomic searches failed to show any association of this gene with DM2. Unique gene variants associated with the risk of developing DM2 in the Crimean population were established.

Effect of Genetic Variations in the ADIPOQ Gene on Susceptibility to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

“…The current study was carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki of 1975 (revised in 2013). 22 …”

“…Allelic discrimination with designed TaqMan probes was used to examine a couple of intronic SNPs (+10211T>G; rs17846866 in Intron 1 and +276G>T; rs1501299 in Intron 2) in the ADIPOQ gene. 17 , 22 Genotyping was carried out for 25 µL using 10 µL of TaqMan master mix, 5 µL of purified H 2 O, 5 µL of VIC/FAM probes, and 5 µL of 10 ng/µL of genomic DNA using an ABI 7500 RT-PCR system according to ABI instructions. The PCR was initiated with 95°C as incubation phase, 95°C as polymerase activation, 95°C denaturation, and 60°C as extension step.…”

“…17,34-36 However, Saxena et al's 37 studies showed a negative association. The rs1501299 SNP was found to be associated both positively 16,17,30,[38][39][40][41] and negatively 22,28,31,42,43 in the global studies. A previous meta-analysis of three cohorts of T2DM patients carrying the ADIPOQ gene was previously carried out by the Peter group.…”

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“…Although there are a few uncommon monogenic types of obesity, in most cases numerous genes, gene polymorphisms and environmental conditions, like dietary habits and lifestyle play a role in the development of obesity, and these involved genes have not been yet entirely understood [10,45,49]. The ADIPOQ gene, which is only expressed in the human adipose tissue has a considerable number of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and three of them (rs1501299, rs266729 and rs2241766) have been widely investigated in connection to the pathophysiology of DM and obesity [49,66]. It has been proven that obesity may change the link between IL-1b genetic variation and C-reactive protein (CRP) level regulation.…”