BackgroundPreterm birth (PTB) is a major determinant of neonatal morbimortality with adverse consequences for health. The causes are multifactorial, with intrauterine infection probably explaining most of these outcomes. It is believed that infection with Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is also involved in PTB and premature rupture of membranes.ObjetivesTo evaluate the prevalence of and associated factors for CT among cases of PTB attended at a University Hospital in Vitoria, Brazil.MethodsA cross-sectional study performed among parturient who had preterm birth from June 2012 to August 2013 in Vitoria, Brazil. Participants answered a questionnaire including demographic, behavioral, and clinical data. A sample of urine was collected and screened for CT using polymerase chain reaction. Chi-square tests were used for proportion differences and Student’s-t tests and variance analysis were used for testing differences between mean values. Odds ratio was used as a measure of association with a 95% confidence interval.ResultsThe prevalence of PTB during the period of the study was 26% and the prevalence of CT among them was 13.9%. A total of 31.6% pregnant women were younger than 25 years old and women infected by CT were even younger than women not infected by CT (p = 0.022). Most of them (76.2%) were married or had a living partner, and CT infection was more frequent among the single ones (p = 0.018); 16.7% of women reported their first sexual intercourse under 14 years old. The causes of prematurity were maternal-fetal in 40.9%; rupture of the membranes in 29.7% and premature labor in 29.4%. In multivariate analysis, being married was a protective factor for infection [OR = 0.48 (95%CI:0.24–0.97)]. None of the other characteristics were associated with CT infection.ConclusionsThis study shows a high prevalence of CT infection among parturient who have preterm birth. This high prevalence highlight the need for defining screening strategies focused on young pregnant women in Brazil.

Introdução: A percepção materna do estado nutricional de seus filhos apresenta diversos fatores sociais importantes em sua composição e ela pode ser um importante na determinação da qualidade de alimentação das crianças. Objetivo: Avaliar os fatores sociais que influenciam a percepção materna sobre o estado nutricional de seus filhos. Método: Estudo transversal com escolares de 6 a 10 anos de uma escola pública de São Paulo, Brasil. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de um questionário estruturado aplicado às mães e a partir de antropometria das crianças. As associações entre as variáveis foram analisadas pelo teste do Quiquadrado e pela análise dos resíduos ajustados, com 5% de significância. A concordância entre a percepção materna e o estado nutricional foi avaliada por meio do teste Kappa.   Resultados: Encontramos percepção incorreta em 45,8% dos casos, dos quais 98,2% foram de subestimação, com 80% de subestimação para crianças com sobrepeso. Encontramos concordância pobre e leve para todos os casos. Os resíduos ajustados apontaram para subestimação eutrófica; melhorpercepção materna para o obeso; melhor percepção para mães que atingiram o ensino fundamental e médio; subestimação para meninos eutróficos e percepção correta para meninas eutróficas. As mães solteiras e as que não trabalham fora tendem a subestimar seus filhos eutróficos. Conclusão: Encontramos baixa concordância para quase todos os casos, com exceção das mães de meninas e das que não trabalham fora. A percepção correta relacionou-se positivamente com a menor escolaridade, sendo pior para as mães sem companheiro e que não trabalham fora. As mães demeninas, em comparação com as mães de meninos, tiveram uma percepção mais precisa.

Introduction Globally nearly 17,000 children under 5 years of age die each day. Preterm delivery is the number one cause of under-5 year mortality. Curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in pregnant women, specifically syphilis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Trichomonas vaginalis, have been shown to cause preterm delivery through premature rupture of membranes, preterm labour, chorioamnionitis and congenital infection. There is a strong likely causal association between antenatal STIs and preterm delivery. Treating curable STIs may decrease under-5 year mortality. Our objective was to conduct a systematic review and summarise curable STI prevalence estimates among pregnant women in low-and middleincome countries. Methods PubMed was searched for studies reporting prevalence statistics for syphilis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Trichomonas vaginalis infections among pregnant women in low-and middle-income countries. Studies published between 1/1/2010-3/1/2015 were included. Abstracts of all search results and the full text of all potentially eligible articles were reviewed. Results 376 potentially relevant reports were identified. 76 studies met inclusion criteria, providing 116 point prevalence estimates for curable STIs in pregnant women, including a total of 3,594,777 women. The median value (range) of the estimates for each STI were as follows: syphilis, 1.9% (0-41.7%);

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Introduction: Ebstein's anomaly is a rare malformation that corresponds to less than 1% of all congenital heart anomalies. It consists in the caudal displacement of the tricuspid valve with retrograde flow to the right atrium due to valvular insufficiency and it is characterized by a variable spectrum of severity, being higher in the neonatal period. Objective: to report an Ebstein's anomaly case which early diagnosis avoided iatrogenic ducts. Case report: a newborn at term, appropriate weight for gestational age, female, was born of natural childbirth, with Apgar score 8/9 from pregnancy without complications. At birth, not in need of resuscitation in the delivery room, but presented heart murmur and fall of saturation, being supported and then forwarded to the NICU. Not present hemodynamic instability. The chest x-ray showed increased cardiac area with increased right atrium. The Transthoracic Echocardiogram showed mild right ventricular dilatation and important of the right atrium, tricuspid valve dysplasia with low implantation of posterior leaflet of tricuspid insufficiency presence important to Doppler, being diagnosed with Ebstein's anomaly. Evolved with progressive improvement of the frame and saturation above 95% on room air to pulse oximetry. Patient follows in outpatient follow-up in use of inotropic and diuretic, remaining asymptomatic. Conclusion: the recognition of the gravity of the picture is relevant to the proper management in order to prevent iatrogenic ducts, which can lead to complications or permanent sequelae.