We examined the co‐occurrence of and risk factors for adolescent boys’ and girls’ self‐reported use of psychologically, physically, and sexually abusive behaviours in their dating relationships. The participants were 324 boys and 309 girls in grades 7, 9, or 11 who completed surveys at school. Descriptive analyses showed that 19% of boys and 26% of girls reported having used two or more forms of dating violence. One third of students in grade 7 had already used at least one form of aggressive behaviour in this context.Canonical correlation analyses indicated that boys’ and girls’ use of multiple forms of dating violence were predicted by their attitudes toward and experiences with violence. After controlling for general abusiveness, boys’ use of sexually abusive behaviour and girls’ use of psychologically abusive behaviour were linked to specific risk factors that suggest an enactment of social scripts associated with their respective gender roles.
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Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been associated with increased risk for suicide. This study addressed 1 factor that could influence the relationship between PTSD and risk of suicide: rural origin. Suicide rates are elevated in rural compared to nonrural areas. Reluctance to seek mental health care and other factors thought to contribute to high suicide rates in rural locations also may be associated with increased risk of suicide for individuals from rural compared to nonrural areas who are experiencing posttraumatic stress symptoms (PSS). However, little research has examined this relationship with an emphasis on location of origin. We hypothesized that rural origin would moderate the relationship between PSS and suicide risk (as measured by the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised), such that growing up in a rural area would result in an amplification of this relationship. Analyses revealed a significant interaction between PSS and rural origin in the prediction of suicide risk. However, the relationship between PSS and suicide risk was weaker for individuals from rural areas than nonrural areas. The results of this study suggest that posttraumatic stress symptoms are less likely to be associated with suicidality among individuals who were raised in a rural versus nonrural area.
INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopy is well-established in the elective setting, and is being more used in emergency surgeries. However, laparoscopic management of trauma patients is still limited for various reasons, including lack of technical skills and resources, and scarce evidence of safety and feasibility. The aim of this study is to present our experience with laparoscopy in trauma patients. METHODS:Retrospective chart review of consecutive patients admitted during a period of 7 years in a Trauma Center in Brazil. We included all patients initially managed by laparoscopy. Demographic, clinical, intra and postoperative data were analyzed. RESULTS:The analysis included 94 patients. Seventy-five were male (79%), mean age was 31 + 12 years-old. Blunt mechanism was present In 43 cases (45%). Mean ISS was 13.8. The most common indications for laparoscopy were free fluid with no parenchymal injuries in 28 cases (31.6%%) followed by thoracoabdominal penetrating injury (29.5%). Of the laparoscopic procedures, 70 were positive, of which 17 required conversion and 33 were completed laparoscopically. Main reasons for conversion were the need for bowel suture or resection, in 9 patients. There were no missed injuries. There were 4 Clavien > 3 complications. Unnecessary exploratory laparotomies were avoided in 93.7% of the patients.CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic management of trauma patients is feasible and safe when carefully selected. Absence of missed injuries and incidence of only low grade complications are important findings. Among the advantages of laparoscopy, the avoidance of unnecessary exploratory laparotomies, and their complications, should be highlighted.
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