The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of postactivation potentiation (PAP) on track-sprint performance after a preload set of 4 repetition maximum (4RM) parallel back half-squat exercises in collegiate women. All subjects (n = 12) participated in 2 testing sessions over a 3-week period. During the first testing session, subjects performed the Controlled protocol consisting of a 4-minute standardized warm-up, followed by a 4-minute active rest, a 100-m track sprint, a second 4-minute active rest, finalized with a second 100-m sprint. The second testing session, the Treatment protocol, consisted of a 4-minute standardized warm-up, followed by 4-minute active rest, sprint, a second 4-minute active rest, a warm-up of 4RM parallel back half-squat, a third 9-minute active rest, finalized with a second sprint. The results indicated that there was a significant improvement of 0.19 seconds (p < 0.05), when the second sprint was preceded by a 4RM back-squat protocol during Treatment. The standardized effect size, d, was 0.82, indicating a large effect size. Additionally, the results indicated that it would be expected that mean sprint times would increase 0.04-0.34 seconds (p < 0.05), when using a preload 4RM squat protocol. There were no significant differences between Control pre and posttests (p > 0.05). The findings suggest that performing a 4RM parallel back half-squat warm-up before a track sprint will have a positive PAP affect on decreased track-sprint times. Track coaches, looking for the "competitive edge" (PAP effect) may re-warm up their sprinters during meets.
Creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-BB) measured by mass was used to determine its value in the early diagnosis of prostatic cancer. Sera of patients with prostatic carcinoma of various stages (treated and untreated) were compared to normal male sera and sera of patients with benign hyperplasia of the prostate (BPH) with respect to CK-BB. The sera were simultaneously tested for PAP content. The sensitivity of the CK-BB-RIA was 1.63 +/- 0.08 microgram/1 and reproducibility in the higher and lower concentration range 7.6% and 10.5%, respectively. CK-BB alone or in combination with PAP is no marker for early detection of prostatic cancer. In individual cases changes occurred similar to those found with a malignant growth of the prostate.
We quantitated the concentrations of prostatic acid phosphatases (EC 3.1.3.2) in serum and bone-marrow aspirates with three commercial radioimmunoassay kits, and the catalytic activities with a thymolphthalein monophosphate-based enzyme test. The enzyme's immunological activity in serum was compared with its catalytic activity for its potential as a detector of early prostatic cancer and its performance as an early marker of metastatic activity in bone. Neither measurement is useful for detecting early stages of prostatic cancer. The spread of carcinoma to lymph nodes or to bone is detected with greater frequency by radioimmunoassay than by the enzymic test. Radioimmunoassay also detected metastasis to the bone more frequently than did physical methods. Analytical and clinical performance of the four methods is described.
Chronic serotonin, or 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) infusion results in a prolonged fall in blood pressure (BP) in the deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)‐salt hypertensive model. The role of 5‐HT in BP regulation and hypertension remains largely unknown. To further our understanding of the hypotensive role of 5‐HT, we investigated chronic 5‐HT infusion in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). We hypothesized that 5‐HT infusion in SHR would result in a fall in BP when compared with DOCA‐salt model. 5‐HT and Vehicle (Veh) were administered subcutaneously via osmotic pump (25μg/kg/min) for 7 days to 14 week old male SHR. Free circulating plasma 5‐HT levels increased in both SHR and DOCA model with 5‐HT infusion. Platelet poor plasma levels (PPP) were higher in the 5‐HT‐infused SHR (23.1± 16.2 ng/ml), compared with Veh‐infused SHR (0.33 ± 0.1 ng/ml). PPP levels were also higher in 5‐HT‐infused DOCA (114.5 ± 21.1 ng/ml), compared with Veh‐infused DOCA (24.9 ± 5.0 ng/ml). Mean arterial BP was monitored via radiotelemetry. Resting SHR BP was 145± 1.61 mmHg, while DOCA BP was 166 ± 7.58 mmHg. After 24 hours of 5‐HT infusion, SHR BP fell to 111 ± 2.45 mmHg, while DOCA pressure fell to 139 ± 3.15 mmHg. This study demonstrates a similar hypotensive role for 5‐HT in the SHR compared to DOCA and a potentially beneficial role for 5‐HT in cardiovascular system. This is the first study to investigate chronic 5‐HT‐infusion in the SHR model.
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