Background: The association between human milk (HM) feeding in the NICU and neurodevelopmental (ND) outcome in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants is unclear. Limitations of previous studies include a lack of exact estimates of HM dose and of generalizability to minority populations. Objective: To determine the impact on ND outcome of an exact dose of HM received in the NICU in a diverse, contemporary cohort of VLBW infants. Methods: We included 430 VLBW infants born in the period 2008-2012 for whom the mean daily dose (DD) of HM received during the stay in the NICU (NICU HM-DD) was calculated prospectively from the daily nutritional intake from admission to discharge. Outcomes included Bayley-III index scores at 20 months' corrected age (CA) as assessed upon ND follow-up, which were collected retrospectively. Multivariable linear regression analyses controlled for neonatal and social risk factors. Results: Each 10 mL/kg/day increase in NICU HM-DD was associated with a 0.35 increase in cognitive index score (95% CI [0.03-0.66], p = 0.03), but no significant associations were detected for the language or motor indices. Conclusions: There is a significant dose-dependent association between NICU HM intake and cognitive scores at 20 months' CA. Further follow-up will determine whether these findings persist at school age, and could help alleviate the special-education and health-care burden in this population.
Children and adolescents with gender and sex diversity include (1) gender-nonconforming and transgender individuals for whom gender identity or expression are incongruent with birth-assigned sex (heretofore, transgender) and (2) individuals who have differences in sex development (DSD). Although these are largely disparate groups, there is overlap in the medical expertise necessary to care for individuals with both gender and sex diversity. In addition, both groups face potential infertility or sterility as a result of desired medical and surgical therapies. The Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago (Lurie Children’s) gender and sex development program (GSDP) provides specialized multidisciplinary care for both transgender and DSD patients. In response to patient concerns that recommended medical treatments have the potential to affect fertility, the Lurie Children’s GSDP team partnered with experts from the Oncofertility Consortium at Northwestern University to expand fertility preservation options to gender and sex diverse youth. This article summarizes the results of a meeting of experts across this field at the annual Oncofertility Consortium conference with thoughts on next steps toward a unified protocol for this patient group.
<b><i>Background:</i></b> Girls with Turner syndrome (TS) have a high incidence of primary ovarian insufficiency. Recent data show rates of spontaneous thelarche (ST) of 38% and spontaneous menarche (SM) of 15–16%, with higher rates in those with mosaicism. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> We systematically reviewed the literature for evidence regarding rates of ST and SM in TS and evaluated rates based on the type of chromosomal mosaicism. We searched MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Controlled Trials. Reference lists were screened. Studies reporting outcomes of ST and SM in girls with TS, diagnosed by genetic analysis, were included. Data was collected regarding study design, cohort type, cohort age, the number of participants with ST and SM, the individual age at diagnosis of ST and SM, the mean age of patients with ST and SM, sample size, the number of participants with secondary amenorrhea, and karyotype. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> In total 2,699 patients were assessed for ST and 2,890 for SM from 43 articles. Overall the rates of ST were 32% (95% CI 26.4–38.9) and SM 20.8% (95% CI 19.3–22.4). Girls with X monosomy had the lowest rates of ST (i.e., 13%; 95% CI 8.7–19.7) and SM (i.e., 9.1%; 95% CI 7.3–11.3). Girls with 45,X/47,XXX had the highest rates of ST (i.e., 88.1%; 95% CI 62–97.1) and SM (i.e., 66.2%; 95% CI 49.3–79.6). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Rates of ST and SM differ by karyotype in TS. When counseling patients, the karyotype should strongly influence discussions regarding pubertal development and the future reproductive potential.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.