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É de conhecimento científico o potencial antioxidante dos compostos fenólicos, atuando como redutores de oxigênio singleto, nas reações de oxidação lipídica e na quelação de metais. Apresentam uma ampla gama de propriedades farmacológicas, como antialergênicas, antiarteriogênicas, antiinflamatórias, antimicrobianas, antitrombóticas e também efeitos cardioprotetores e vasodilatadores (PUUPPONEN-PIMIÄ et al., 2001;MANACH;MAZUR;SCALBERT, 2005).A uva é fonte de diversos compostos fenólicos em elevadas concentrações e os subprodutos da vinificação, em sua maioria, podem manter quantidades apreciáveis, principalmente de fenó-licos, que pertencem ao grupo dos flavonóides. Os glicosídeos de flavonóis e as antocianinas estão entre os compostos fenólicos mais determinados e estudados nas uvas, por sua destacada atividade antioxidante e por suas propriedades antiinflamatórias e anticancerígenas (NEGRO; TOMMASI; MICELI, 2003;AMICO et al., 2004;SILVA;MATIAS;NUNES, 2005).O processo de fabricação do vinho gera uma quantidade estimada de resíduo sólido de 20% do peso inicial ( GÓMEZ-PLAZA; MIÑANO; LÓPEZ-ROCA, 2006). Alguns estudos a respeito dos subprodutos da vinificação focalizam principalmente a composição de polifenóis das sementes, que são muito ricas em flavonóis (YILMAZ; TOLEDO, 2004; GUENDEZ et al., 2005b). As sementes representam em torno AbstractDifferent solvent systems were applied in order to determine the extraction efficiency of compounds with antioxidant capacity from grape bagasse, an important by-product from wine production. The quantification of total phenolics, anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity was carried out in grape bagasse extracts of Tannat and Ancelota varieties from the region of Videira, state of Santa Catarina. The antioxidant activity was determined by ABTS, FRAP, and β-carotene/linoleic acid system methods. Extracts from acidified aqueous solutions of acetone and ethanol in different concentrations (v/v) showed higher yield in aqueous solutions of acetone 50 and 70% for Tannat variety and acetone/ethanol 50% for Ancelota variety, respectively. The total phenolic contents in acetone 50 and 70% were higher in both varieties while the anthocyanin contents in these varieties were higher in ethanol 50 and 70%. The antioxidant activity was higher in acetone 50 and 70% for Tannat variety and acetone/ethanol 50 and 70% for Ancelota variety by the ABTS method. Regarding the reduction power performed by the FRAP method, it was higher in acetone 70% in both varieties. During the oxidation inhibition power assay, the addition of 100 and 200 µL of ethanolic extracts 50% of Tannat and Ancelota varieties showed higher efficiency since it was almost two times higher than acetonic extracts. Keywords: byproducts; extraction; oxidation; reduction power. ResumoDiferentes sistemas solventes foram aplicados para determinar a eficiência de extração de compostos com capacidade antioxidante em bagaço de uva, importante subproduto do processo de vinificação. Realizou-se a quantificação de compostos fenólicos totais,...

Extreme temperature events are becoming more recurrent and are more frequent with major impacts on coastal ecosystems, which are additionally impacted by increasing urbanization, resulting in high nutrient load. So far little is known about cumulative and/or interactive effects of global and local stressors on species' performance. Here, we evaluated the single and combined effects of simulated heatwaves and eutrophication on the ecophysiology of Laurencia catarinensis in a bi-factorial mesocosm experiment. The algae were exposed for 30 d to three different temperatures (208C, 248C, 288C) and nutrient concentrations (low, intermediate, high) and their nutrient uptake rates, photosynthetic performance, growth rates, pigment and phenolic compound concentrations, as well as antioxidant capacity was determined and compared between treatments. Under low nutrient concentration, physiological performance and growth decreased with increasing temperatures. In contrast, they increased with higher nutrient availability and moderate temperature increase close to the summer average temperature, but largely declined upon exposure to higher temperature (288C). This decline seemed to be related to oxidative stress, as indicated by an increase of compounds with antioxidant properties (lutein, zeaxanthin, phenols). Our data show that all measured parameters were affected by temperature and nutrient availability, with an interactive effect between these two factors, indicating that increasing temperature will influence macroalgal performance, and even more dramatically in coastal systems that are highly impacted by urbanization. However, the direction of the response will be determined by nutrient availability and will also depend on the magnitude of the temperature increase, that is, whether it surpasses the thermal threshold of the species.Marine macroalgae are dominant and essential components of coastal ecosystems around the world (Gattuso et al. 1998;Harley et al. 2012) and are currently threatened by a multitude of stressors, such as those related to global climate change (Harley et al. 2006(Harley et al. , 2012, but also locally by increasing nutrient and sediment loading, the overfishing and spread of invasive species (Worm and Lotze 2006;Schmidt and Scheibling 2007). Current changes in seawater temperature, due to climatic change, predict for the end of this century a continuous warming of near-surface air temperature, on the order of 2-78C with regional, seasonal and diurnal

The current systems of breeding poultry, based on high population density, increase the risk of spreading pathogens, especially those causing respiratory diseases and those that have more than one host. Fowl Cholera (FC) is one such pathogen, and even though it represents one of several avian diseases that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of notifiable diseases that present with sudden death, the pathogenesis and virulence factors involved in FC are still poorly understood. The objective of this study was to investigate twelve genes related to virulence in 25 samples of Pasteurella multocida isolated from FC cases in the southern region of Brazil through the development of multiplex PCR protocols. The protocols developed were capable of detecting all of the proposed genes. The ompH, oma87, sodC, hgbA, hgbB, exBD-tonB and nanB genes were present in 100% of the samples (25/25), the sodA and nanH genes were present in 96% (24/25), ptfA was present in 92% (23/25), and pfhA was present in 60% (15/25). Gene toxA was not identified in any of the samples studied (0/25). Five different genetic profiles were obtained, of which P1 (negative to toxA) was the most common. We concluded that the multiplex-PCR protocols could be useful tools for rapid and simultaneous detection of virulence genes. Despite the high frequency of the analyzed genes and the fact that all samples belonged to the same subspecies of P. multocida, five genetic profiles were observed, which should be confirmed in a study with a larger number of samples.

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