In this paper, we present an alternative for physics laboratory activity related to Fraunhofer diffraction in distance learning. The activity utilizes a demonstration video from MIT Open CourseWare, Tracker software, and spreadsheet. An online demonstration video is used because it is the most accessible resource during undesirable conditions such as COVID 19 pandemic. In the activity, students can explore diffractions phenomena with multiple slits. The effect of slit spacing and slit numbers to the intensity of light is investigated trough spectral analysis with Tracker. The investigation is followed by a discussion through the mathematical approach and visualization with spreadsheets. It will enrich students with a theoretical explanation of the observation. This distance learning activity allows students to develop their science process skills, mathematical and computational thinking skills, and conceptual understanding of Fraunhofer diffraction.
Industrial Revolution 4.0 is changing how we live, work, and communicate. The education field should develop to adapt to the revolutionary changes that happen in the world recently. Industrial revolution 4.0 makes shifted paradigm in education. Education 4.0 is the desired approach to learning that aligns itself with the emerging fourth industrial revolution. It brings up the well-known educational concepts such as self-directed learning and long-life learning. This paper discuss shifting educational theory in Education 4.0 and the phenomenon of the emerging new education technology which attempts to fill the need for self-directed learning dan long-life learning.
Distance learning in physics is still facing challenges, mainly due to the difficult access to a laboratory for practical work. Practical work is an essential part of the physics classroom because it allows students to interact with authentic physics phenomena and develop their scientific abilities. In this paper, we propose alternative experiments that can be carried out at home with affordable apparatus. We explain the use of an Arduino UNO board and block-structured programming environment to design physics experiments about investigating light-emitting diodes and capacitor characteristics. Block-structured programming in the common-coding builder is used because it has extensive features such as plotting data in a graph directly and programming the Arduino board. Moreover, a user with no prior knowledge of programming can use it easily.
The research aims to: (1) produce a computer program as a learning resource on gas law topics; (2) determine the appropriateness and quality of the computer program; and (3) describe the effectiveness of the computer program to help students in learning the concept of gas law. We employed 4D (define, design, develop, disseminate) models in this research. The computer program is validated by physics expert, learning media expert, and physics teachers. The appropriateness and quality of the computer program were analyzed descriptively. The field testing involved a small group consists of 4 students and a larger group consists of 61 students. The effectiveness of the computer program in improving students' learning achievement was investigated through one group pretest and posttest design. The results of this study showed that the computer program is feasible for high school physics learning. Based on the assessment by physics experts, learning media experts and high school physics teachers, the quality of computer program can be categorized as very good. Normalized gains from the conducted pretest and posttest to small and larger group are found as 0.68 and 0.55, respectively. It indicates that there is medium improvement of students' learning achievement after using the computer program as a learning resource.
In this study, we demonstrate an interesting relationship between simple harmonic motion and uniform circular motion trough a simple experiment. The experiment requires a low cost-easily found materials and free software, Tracker. To represent uniform circular motion, we use a tape that is stick on a fan moving with the constant angular speed. Meanwhile, spring and pendulum motion are used to represent simple harmonic motion. Through Video Tracker analysis, we have shown that the positions (x and y coordinates) of an object undergoes uniform circular motion fit to the sinusoidal function of time, as same as shown in simple harmonic motion. This simple experiment can be used in high school physics course to lead students in developing a conceptual understanding of uniform circular motion with a less mathematical approach.
Owing to the indirect band gap nature, Ge exhibits poor optical properties, limiting its usage for optical devices. However, since the direct band gap of Ge is only higher by 0.14 eV than the indirect band gap, band gap engineering has drawn much attention to realize the direct band gap. Here, we report a strategy to design the direct band gap in Ge/Sn core−shell nanowires (NWs), based on firstprinciples calculations. For [111]-oriented NWs, we show that the direct band gaps can be tuned by controlling the diameter and the coreto-shell ratio. We find that the intrinsic strain induced by the lattice mismatch between Ge and Sn drives an indirect-to-direct band gap transition. Even for Ge/Sn core−shell NWs with intrinsically indirect band gaps, the direct band gaps can be achieved by applying an external tensile strain lower than the critical values for pure Ge NWs and bulk Ge. The optical transitions of the direct band gaps are all dipoleallowed, suggesting that [111]-oriented Ge/Sn core−shell NWs are promising for applications as light emitters.
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