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The debate about black Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventories (MMPIs) and white norms was renewed recently. Pritchard and Rosenblatt, revewing 16 studies, claimed to find no evidence that the MMPI is racially biased. Gynther and Green, reviewing 40 studies, concluded that racial bias in the MMPI varies as a function of sampling, with bias more likely when normal blacks are compared with normal whites but not when abnormal groups are compared. No study yet published has compared black alcoholics with white alcoholics, although problem drinking is classified as a major diagnostic problem. We found that black alcoholics scored significantly lower on a few MMPI scales (e.g., Hysteria), but profile differences were not clinically meaningful, particularly when the covariates of age, education, and socioeconomic status were controlled. Blacks differed appreciably on the Family Environment Scale (FES), however, rating social climates more positively than whites. Findings that blacks obtained negligible differences on a wholly white normed test (the MMPI), contrasted with the significant differences and better adjustment shown by blacks over whites on a test normed with minority-group representation (the FES), interject new considerations into the issue of racial bias. Whereas nonsignificant differences would not appear to support the contention of racial bias on the MMPI, FES results question whether such nonsignificance actually rules out test bias.The debate about using white norms for eluded that degrees of ethnic bias in the interpreting blacks' performances on the MMPI may vary in part as a function of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inven-kinds of samples being compared. Among tory (MMPI) was advanced recently in a normal subjects, blacks tend to score 5-10 lively exchange between Pritchard and Ro-T points higher on the MMPI, particularly senblatt (1980a, 1980b) and Gynther and on the Validity (F), Schizophrenia (Sc), and Green (1980). Pritchard and Rosenblatt Hypomania (Ma) scales. When subjects are concluded that there was no evidence to sup-psychiatric patients, however, differences port the notion of differential performance are less pronounced and more equivocal, peron the MMPI between blacks and whites, haps because profile elevations produced by whereas Gynther and Green (1980) con-maladjustment obscure racial differences.Moreover, when samples consist of heroin This study was conducted with funds furnished by the addicts, the direction of differences is re-General Medical Research Service and the Alcohol versed so that whites score higher than Dependence Treatment Program of the Veterans Adblackg (p enk & R 0 binowitz, 1974).'^S^^SSS^SS^ for his A . J» contradictory nature of black-white processing of MMPI protocols used in this study. Deep differences among normal and abnormal appreciation is expressed to Frank Harris for his un-groups-persisting even after such potenflagging labors at all stages of data reduction and pro-tially confounding variables as age, intelli-^RSiestsforreprintsshould...

Purpose -Research projects involving traditional knowledge are finding new ways of dealing with intellectual property rights and commercialisation. Influenced by calls for fair and equitable protocols involving access and benefit sharing regimes, researchers are developing new standards of practice. Here this paper aims to explore the process by which the CIHR Team in Aboriginal Antidiabetic Medicine (TAAM) came to address these issues within the scope of participatory action research. Design/methodology/approach -A case study method is applied in order to highlight key events and topics. The legally binding research agreement developed for this project is used to illustrate examples of how the needs of First Nations stakeholders and of researchers are met. Findings -The paper finds that strong research partnerships are characterized by accountability, adaptability, transparency, good and frequent communication and ultimately, trust. Researchers should be prepared to take a more "human" approach in their studies as the establishment of personal relationships are as important as the research itself. Proposals should include both monetary and intangible outcomes where possible, which reflect aboriginal culture and decision. Practical implications -This paper can help others to understand the needs of aboriginal peoples with regard to research. It also provides links to protocols and the legal research agreement used by TAAM that can serve as an adaptable template for future work. Originality/value -Publicising the research agreement and experiences herein is meant to contribute to a body of knowledge that will one day lead to new research norms when dealing with aboriginal peoples and traditional knowledge.

Gynther's general hypothesis that older subjects self-report better adjustment on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory than do younger subjects was tested among 616 male chronic alcoholics classified into five age groups: 30 or younger, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60, and 61 or older. Multivariate and univariate analyses of variance and covariance supported Gynther's general hypothesis as well as three specific corollary hypotheses predicting that older alcoholics, relative to younger alcoholics, are lower in impulsivity-control difficulties, are higher in health concerns, but are not different in social introversion. Treatment implications and theoretical notions about personality factors in alcoholism at different stages in the adult life cycle are discussed.

This study asked, “What are the psychological characteristics of Vietnam combat veterans who claim Agent Orange exposure when compared with combat‐experienced cohorts who do not report such contamination?” The question was researched among 153 heroin addicts, polydrug abusers, and chronic alcoholics who were seeking treatment: 58 reported moderate to high defoliant exposure while in combat; 95 reported minimal to no exposure while in Vietnam. The null hypothesis was accepted for measures of childhood and present family social climate, premilitary backgrounds, reasons for seeking treatment, patterns and types of illicit drug and alcohol use, interpersonal problems, intellectual functioning, and short‐term memory. The null hypothesis was rejected for personality differences, however, those who self‐reported high Agent Orange exposure scored significantly higher on MMPI scales F, Hypochondriasis, Depression, Paranoia, Psychasthenia, Schizophrenia, Mania, and Social interoversion. The results suggest that clinicians carefully assess attributional processing of those who report traumatic experience.

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