This article aims to assess the impact of coronavirus (COVID-19) spread-prevention actions on water consumption, based on a case study in Joinville, Southern Brazil. Residential water consumption data, obtained through telemetry in two periods (before and after a governmental action imposing quarantine and social isolation), were analyzed. Complementarily, the analyses were also applied to the commercial, industrial and public consumption categories. For the analysis, Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric tests were applied and Prais-Winsten regression models were adjusted. The results of the Wilcoxon test show that there are significant differences between the analyzed periods, indicating a water consumption drop in the commercial, industrial and public categories, and an increase in the residential category. The regression model results confirm the effect of the restrictive actions in reducing consumption in non-residential categories. The results also indicate an increase in water consumption, which was steeper in apartment buildings than in houses, whether isolated or grouped in condominiums. A weak association was found between the variation in water consumption and the spatial distribution of buildings. Understanding water consumption related aspects is important to gather essential information to ensure the urban water supply system is resilient in a pandemic situation.

The subtle delay in locomotor development evaluated with the Griffiths' test at 4.5-5 y of age in children exposed to phenytoin may indicate a subtle influence on psychomotor development, which may be more obvious at school age: thus, larger studies and further follow-up are warranted.

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The aim of this study was to assess psychomotor development with the Griffiths' test in preschool children exposed to antiepileptic drags (AED) in utero. The study sample consisted of 76 children exposed to AED in utero and 71 unexposed children. The children (exposed and unexposed) have since birth been included in a population‐based longitudinal follow‐up study of children born to women with meticulously treated epilepsy during pregnancy, initiated in 1985. In total, 67 exposed and 66 unexposed children were tested with the Griffiths' test, which consists of 6 subsets: locomotor function, personal and social behaviour, hearing and speech, eye and hand coordination, performance, and practical reasoning. There was no significant difference in the global scores of the Griffiths' test between the two groups of children. Children exposed to phenytoin in utero (n= 16) showed a significant but subtle reduction in the scores for locomotor development compared with the unexposed children (mean scores: 98 vs 106; 95% confidence interval for the difference in mean scores: −14.0 to −0.4). There was no such difference for the children exposed to carbamazepine in utero (n= 35). The exposed children had significantly fewer siblings (p < 0.01). A significant number of the mothers with AED treatment had no higher level of education than compulsory school (p < 0.01). No other differences in socioeconomic status were observed between the groups. Conclusion: The subtle delay in locomotor development evaluated with the Griffiths' test at 4.5‐5 y of age in children exposed to phenytoin may indicate a subtle influence on psychomotor development, which may be more obvious at school age; thus, larger studies and further follow‐up are warranted.

Resumo Os métodos estatísticos de suavização exponencial

The water supply in terms of quantity and quality is a growing concern. Water quality has been compromised since the spring, because of the discharge of effluents, which requires investment in treatment plants to ensure the quality of the water supplied. The water leaving treatment plants to the distribution network must achieve the specification for some parameters set in legislation. But in addition to meeting these limits, to maintain the quality of the water supply it is also important to assess the variability. In this sense, statistical control charts play an important role. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the application of statistical control charts for turbidity and residual chlorine, two indicators of the quality of drinking water. The data, both turbidity and residual chlorine, were autocorrelated, and it was necessary to apply specific techniques to solve this problem. Shewhart control charts for individual measures with extended limits extended and applied to residuals from an ARIMA model, were analyzed in this study. These proposals were adequate to monitor these parameters.

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