The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ankle and hip muscle fatigue on motor adjustments (experiment 1) and symmetry (experiment 2) of postural control during a quiet standing task. Twenty-three young adults performed a bipedal postural task on separate force platforms, before and after a bilateral ankle and hip muscle fatigue protocol (randomized). Ankle and hip muscles were fatigued separately using a standing calf raise protocol (ankle fatigue) on a step and flexion and extension of the hip (hip fatigue) sitting on a chair, at a controlled movement frequency (0.5Hz), respectively. In both experiments, force, center of pressure, and electromyography parameters were measured. The symmetry index was used in experiment 2 to analyze the postural asymmetry in the parameters. Our main findings showed that muscle fatigue impaired postural stability, regardless of the fatigued muscle region (i.e., ankle or hip). In addition, young adults used an ankle motor strategy (experiment 1) before and after both the ankle and hip muscle fatigue protocols. Moreover, we found increased asymmetry between the lower limbs (experiment 2) during the quiet standing task after muscle fatigue. Thus, we can conclude that the postural motor strategy is not muscle fatigue joint-dependent and a fatigue task increases postural asymmetry, regardless of the fatigued region (hip or ankle). These findings could be applied in sports training and rehabilitation programs with the objective of reducing the fatigue effects on asymmetry and improving balance.
BACKGROUND: Stay active is a good strategy to mitigate the negative effects of confinement in people with Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Synchronous (full-time class interaction) and asynchronous (without the live presence of the healthcare professional) exercises are two strategies to avoid the worsening of PD.
AIM: To investigate the effect of the synchronous and asynchronous exercise on motor and non-motor symptoms in people with PD during the pandemic lockdown.
METHOD: Fifty-eight people with PD responded to an online survey and were divided into synchronous, asynchronous, and no-exercise groups. The participants responded to questions regarding motor and non-motor symptoms, besides the questionnaire of quality of life, physical activity, anxiety and depression, and sleep quality.
RESULTS: Synchronous group presents higher amounts of physical activity than the asynchronous and no-exercise groups. Also, the synchronous group presented lower anxiety symptoms, while the asynchronous group presented lower depression symptoms compared with the no-exercise group. Worse motor symptoms were presented by the three groups.
CONCLUSION: Stay active during the pandemic lockdown, is beneficial to reduce anxiety and depression symptoms in people with PD. This population should be encouraged to perform synchronous classes to perform greater amounts of physical activity, which in the long-term could produce greater benefits.
The Physical Activity Scale for Individuals with Physical Disabilities (PASIPD) is not available to Portuguese-Brazil. This study translates, cross-culturally adapts, and validates the PASIPD for Brazilian individuals with Parkinson’s disease. The translation process followed guidelines: initial translation, synthesis, back translation, expert committee, and pretest. The validation and reliability processes were conducted with 40 individuals (15 men and 25 women) with Parkinson’s disease. Concurrent validity was evaluated between PASIPD to Brazilian Portuguese, International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and Human Activity Profile. PASIPD to Brazilian Portuguese was found to be moderately correlated with International Physical Activity Questionnaire (r = .474, p < .05); however, there was no correlation with Human Activity Profile (r = .271, p < .05). We used the intrarater reliability with intraclass correlation coefficient and test–retest. Intrarater reliability was high (intraclass correlation coefficient = .80). Internal consistency was considered adequate by Cronbach’s alpha (α = .70). PASIPD to Brazilian Portuguese is a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating physical activity levels in Brazilian individuals with Parkinson’s disease.
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