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Nowadays, the reuse of electric vehicle batteries is considered to be a feasible alternative to recycling, as it allows to benefit from their remaining energy capacity and to enlarge their lifetime. Stationary applications, such as self-consumption or off-grid systems support, are examples of second-life (SL) uses for retired batteries. However, reused modules that compose these batteries have heterogeneous properties, which limit their performance. This paper aims to assess the influence of degradation in modules from electric vehicles, covering three main aspects: performance, capacity dispersion and extended SL behavior. Firstly, a complete characterization of new and reused modules is carried out, considering three temperatures and three discharge rates. On a second stage, intra-and inter-module capacity dispersion is evaluated with new and reused samples. Finally, the behavior during SL is also analyzed, through an accelerated cycling test so that the evolution of capacity and dispersion are assessed. Experimental results show that the performance of reused modules is specially undermined at low temperatures and high current rates, as well as in advanced stages of aging. The intra-module dispersion is found to be similar in reused and new samples, while the inter-module differences are nearly four times greater in SL.

Nowadays, electric vehicle batteries reutilization is considered such as a feasible alternative to recycling, as it allows to benefit from their remaining energy and to enlarge their lifetime. Stationary applications as self-consumption or isolated systems support are examples of possible second life uses for these batteries. However, the modules that compose these batteries have very heterogeneous properties, and therefore condition their performance. This paper aims to characterize and analyze the existing capacity dispersion of Nissan Leaf modules that have reached the end of their lifetime on their original application and of new modules of this Electric Vehicle, in order to establish a comparison between them.

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