Syntactic haplology (SH) is a sandhi rule which eliminates one of two contiguous identicalor partially identical syllables in a sentence (caldo de cana > cal de cana). Interpreting the results ofa variable rule analysis of SH on southern Brazilian Portuguese data according to Optimality Theory(PRINCE and SMOLENSKY, 1993; MCCARTHY and PRINCE, 1993,1995) implied discussing thenature of SH, if coalescence or deletion, and the markedness restriction involved. SH can be interpretedas a deletion process motivated by the requirement of avoiding sequences of identical or partiallyidentical syllabes, which is expressed by OCP.
Objective: The aim was to clarify which pairs or clusters of diseases predict the hospital-related events and death in a population of patients with complex health care needs (PCHCN). Method: Subjects classified in 2012 as PCHCN in a local health unit by ACG® (Adjusted Clinical Groups) System were linked with hospital discharge records in 2013 to identify those who experienced any of a series of hospital admission events and death. Number of comorbidities, comorbidities dyads, and latent classes were used as exposure variable. Regression analyses were applied to examine the associations between dependent and exposure variables. Results: Besides the fact that larger number of chronic conditions is associated with higher odds of hospital admission or death, we showed that certain dyads and classes of diseases have a particularly strong association with these outcomes. Discussion: Unlike morbidity counts, analyzing morbidity clusters and dyads reveals which combinations of morbidities are associated with the highest hospitalization rates or death.
Objectives: To collect and summarise all current data from observational studies, generating evidence of the association between health literacy (HL) and the dietary intake of sugar, salt and fat, to analyse intervention studies on the promotion of an appropriate dietary intake of the above-mentioned nutrients and to ascertain whether HL moderates the efficacy of such intervention. Design: A systematic literature search of analytical observational studies on the association between HL and dietary intake of sugar, salt and fat was performed in Medline and Scopus databases. Intervention studies on the promotion of healthy nutrition that concerned the intake of sugar, salt and fat were also assessed. Results: Of the eight observational studies included in this review, five investigated dietary intake of sugar, one focused on salt, one assessed sugar and salt and one analysed the fat intake. The results of the five studies assessing sugar were mixed: three found an association between low levels of HL and a high sugar intake, one found this association only for boys and two found no evidence of any association. The two studies assessing salt and the one assessing fat found no evidence of any association with HL. One intervention study on the sugar intake concluded that HL was not a significant moderator of the intervention’s effectiveness. Conclusion: No evidence of any association between HL and salt and fat intake emerged, while for sugar, the results are mixed. More work is needed to better understand the moderating effects of HL on the outcomes of health promotion interventions.
A palatalização variável das plosivas alveolares no português brasileiro falado em Flores da Cunha é moderada, o que contribui para caracterizar o falar local. A análise de regra variável (LABOV, 1972, 1994, 2001) de dados de 48 entrevistas sociolinguísticas de Flores da Cunha do BDSer revela uma proporção total de aplicação de 29%. Os condicionamentos são tanto linguísticos quanto sociais e a palatalização progride na comunidade: jovens, vogal alta fonológica, habitantes de zona urbana e consoante-alvo desvozeada favorecem a palatalização. Na análise da variação como prática social (ECKERT, 2000), o estudo da rede social dos informantes mostra que a alta densidade da rede, nucleada por informantes de grupos etários mais velhos, refreia a palatalização. O estudo etnográfico revela que os habitantes de Flores da Cunha, em especial os jovens, realizam práticas sociais inovadoras ao lado de práticas tradicionais, introduzindo a palatalização na comunidade. O emprego das formas palatalizadas é valorado como não local e é relativamente prestigiado.
A análise de regra variável (Labov, 1972) em tempo real, estudo de tendência (LABOV 1994), da palatalização de /t/ e /d/ antes de vogal anterior alta (tia~[t͜ʃ]ia, dia~[d͜ȝ]ia, gente~gen[t͜ʃɪ], onde~on[d͜ȝɪ]) no português falado na comunidade ítalo-brasileira de Flores da Cunha (RS) é realizada com o objetivo de verificar se houve aumento na aplicação da regra no intervalo de vinte anos e quais condicionadores linguísticos e sociais têm tido efeito sobre o processo nesse período. Analisados dados de dois bancos, VARSUL e BDSer, confirma-se a tendência de progressão da regra, o efeito das variáveis linguísticas Qualidade da Consoante-Alvo, Status da Vogal Alta, e das variáveis sociais Idade, Sexo/Gênero, essas discutidas com base nos pressupostos labovianos da mudança geracional (Labov, 1994) e da assimetria na transmissão linguística (Labov, 2010).
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