P P P P Palavras-chave alavras-chave alavras-chave alavras-chave alavras-chave: Pesca artesanal. Aviamento. Comercialização. Intermediários. AbstractAbstract Abstract Abstract Abstract: This text is about a system known as aviamento, sort of a loan, but with some peculiar features, related to the fishing field on the seashore of Pará State. Its is based on a sociological and anthropological literature and has its focus on the social relations on which the commercial net, among producers and intermediaries, is based. It also goes over some specific aspects of the aviamento process on fishing and its implications as to the permanence and change in the exchange relationship, having in mind, the regional transformations, which were strongly influenced by artisan fishing productive and commercial system.
The effects of iron ore mining carried out in the Southeast of Pará state, located in Northern Brazil, are present alongside the Estrada de Ferro Carajás (Carajás Railroad), especially in the city of São Luís do Maranhão, located in Northeastern Brazil, which is the port of export. Combined with the processes of mining, transport and exportation of the iron ore, infrastructure projects, factories, extensive cattle farming and monoculture, and lumber exploitation damage the landscape of the Eastern Amazon region and impair the local traditional way of life. Regarding the city of São Luís, such effects are more strongly felt in the rural zone, where they result in environmental conflicts. The present article discusses the relationship between the extended effects of mining and the backlash provoked by them in São Luís. Such a discussion comprises, among other subjects, the demands for Extractive Reserve, ways to guarantee the control over the territory, debates on urban legislation, opposition to the building of port terminals.
O artigo analisa processos de instalação e de expansão de termelétricas no Maranhão e os efeitos sobre comunidades tradicionais. Enfatizam os casos da UTE Porto do Itaqui e da Geramar III, em São Luís, e as UTEs de Complexo Parnaíba, em Santo Antônio dos Lopes. Questões importantes ganham centralidade: a) apresentam-se muitas denúncias acerca da fragilidade dos processos de licenciamento que envolvem a instalação e o funcionamento dos empreendimentos e dos sistemas de controle da emissão de poluentes; b) a instalação destes empreendimentos tem atingido povos e comunidades tradicionais que têm seus modos de vida ameaçados e submetidos a situações de insegurança territorial, ambiental e alimentar. As discussões resultam de trabalhos executados pelo Grupo de Estudos Desenvolvimento, Modernidade e Meio Ambiente, que envolveram análise documental, entrevistas e revisão bibliográfica
Neste artigo, exploramos dimensões da colonialidade de poder expressas nos processos de dominação engendrados na instalação de estruturas logísticas para o escoamento de mercadorias para exportação – como o minério de ferro e produtos do agronegócio – que atravessam o estado do Maranhão rumo aos mercados internacionais. Desde a década de 1950, começaram a ser implantadas rodovias federais, estradas de ferro e portos na região, relacionadas às políticas desenvolvimentistas dos governos brasileiros. Essas obras foram executadas sobre espaços territoriais que abrigam uma diversidade de povos e comunidades tradicionais, provocando deslocamentos, eliminando espaços de roças, entupindo igarapés. Nos últimos anos, as estruturas criadas entre as décadas de 1950 e 1980, principalmente, começaram a ser ampliadas, duplicadas e também novos projetos passaram a ser executados, com forte interesse do capital internacional. As propostas amparam-se sobre a imagem desses espaços territoriais como espaços vocacionados para exercerem a função de portos e estradas. Exploramos, também, repertórios de ação elaborados contra essas investidas de expansão do capital sobre territórios tradicionais, evidenciados numa série de processos de resistência. As dimensões dacolonialidade e os repertórios de ação serão explorados a partir da discussão da ampliação de estruturas logísticas e de processos de resistência engendrados na Zona rural II, de São Luís, e no território negro de Santa Rosa dos Pretos, em Itapecuru Mirim.Palavras-chave: Grandes empreendimentos. Expansão territorial. Comunidades tradicionais.DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS AND TRADITIONAL TERRITORIES IN MARANHÃO, BRAZIL: THREATS AND RESISTANCE PROCESSESAbstractIn this article, we explore dimensions of the coloniality of power expressed in theprocesses of domination engendered in the installation of logistics structures for the flow of goods for export - such as iron ore and agribusiness products - that cross the state of Maranhão towards international markets. Since the 1950s, federal highways, railroads and ports in the region began to be implemented, related to the development policies of Brazilian governments. These works were executed on territorial spaces that shelter a diversity of traditional peoples and communities, provoking displacements, eliminating spaces of roças, cloggingigarapés. In recent years, structures created between the 1950s and the 1980s, mainly, began to be expanded, duplicated, and also new projects were implemented, with keen interest from international capital. The proposals are based on the image of these territorial spaces as spaces designed to perform the function of ports and roads. We have also explored the repertoires of actionagainst these investees of capital expansion over traditional territories, evidenced in a series of resistance processes. The dimensions of coloniality and action repertoires will be explored from a discussion of the expansion of logistic structures and resistance processes engendered in São Luís rural area II and the black territory of Santa Rosa dos Pretos, in Itapecuru Mirim.Keywords: Large enterprises. Territorial expansion. Traditional communities.
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