The study depicts the production, optimization and characterization of bio-oil from pyrolyzed rice husk using a fabricated fixed bed reactor. The pyrolysis process was conducted with bio-oil response, bio-char response and non-condensable gases response as products. The effect of pyrolysis variables were observed by the production of the bio-oil as the response. Sixty runs of pyrolysis experiments were suggested by Box Benkhen design indicated optimum pyrolysis conditions at particle size of 2.03mm mesh, reaction time of 81.80 mins and temperature of 650oC for rice husk. The maximum bio-oil yield was obtained with 38.39% at optimum condition of the variables. The bio-oil sample obtained had better performance compared with ASTM standard. Such a determination would contribute so immensely to a significant comprehension of the chemical efficiency of the pyrolysis reaction.
Water hyacinth is an aquatic plant that has a great reproductive potential. The propagation of water hyacinth in most water bodies have decimated the livelihoods of many and reduced the water quality, among other negative effects. Converting this invasive water hyacinth into briquettes will serve as a good measure for controlling its proliferation, and also as a strong strategy for the development of sustainable alternative energy sources. This study explored water hyacinth briquettes as alternative to the local wood fuels through mercerization process to enhance the qualities of a biomass briquette and encourage its use as a renewable energy source of fuel. The aim was to evaluate the combustion performance of treated water hyacinth (TWH) and water hyacinth (WH). After sample collection, preparation and treatment, the briquettes were produced using 20 g of starch prepared into slurry blended with 80 g of the sample to produce the briquettes. The proximate characteristics, physical properties, combustion properties, the morphologies and structural changes in the briquettes were determined. The results obtained showed that both samples have good energy potentials. The outcome indicates that the alkaline treatment removed the hemicelluloses in the biomass and in turn reduced the moisture content of the briquettes. Consequently, the physical and combustibility properties of the briquettes got improved. The calorific value also improved from (30.58 MJ/Kg) in WH to (34.22 MJ/Kg) in TWH, The scanning electron microscopy analysis showed a rough surface which enhanced bonding of the sample particles while the FTIR showed a structural change in the OH groups which indicates that the hemicelluloses have been removed.
The initiative of using biomass as a preference source of energy is vindicated by its availability, abundance, easy accessibility and its eco-friendly nature. This therefore calls for the conversion of agricultural wastes to usable form. This study is aimed to investigate the physicochemical and combustion properties of briquettes obtained from pyrolyzed biochar of groundnut shell. The groundnut shell biochar briquette bonded with cassava starch as binder were molded and analyzed. Proximate analysis, ultimate analyses, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Calorific values, density and compressive strength, among other properties, were determined for the fabricated briquettes. A high heating value of 45.20 MJ/Kg was recorded for groundnut shell biochar briquette compared to 25.20 MJ/Kg of raw groundnut shell briquette. While the ash contents of 5.12 % and 6.40 % were recorded for raw groundnut shell briquette and groundnut shell biochar briquette respectively. It took groundnut shell biochar briquette approximately 10 minutes to boil 1000 cm3 of water, while raw groundnut shell briquette boiled same quantity of water in 20 minutes. The finding of this study shows that the biochar obtained from the pyrolysis of groundnut shell is suitable for fuel briquette production.
Production of sufficient sustainable sources of energy, mitigation of green house gas emissions amongst others are the aspiring goals that have led in developing technologies to produce more energy from renewable sources. This study investigated the potentials of an alternative fuel sources for biogas production, it was carried out using donkey dung and swine dung as substrates, further co-digestion of both donkey dung and swine dung was done to differentiate between independent and co-digestion of substrates. Digesters were used to digest swine dung and donkey dung respectively as single substrates as well as to co-digest swine dung and donkey dung. The operating conditions here are pH value 7.2, Temperature 32°C and retention time of 68 days. Effect of seeding with bacteria increases the rate of production and mixing is an essential part that also aids the production of biogas. This work presents the design and construction of biogas digester to treat 500g of swine dung and donkey dung. The digester is capable of producing 0.007m at average working temperature of 32°C. Digester D produces higher volume of biogas. Therefore, from the values of the physic-chemical properties with the sufficient carbon obtained, it will increase the sufficient effective biogas production as an alternative source of energy.
The depletion in fossil fuels usage requires a replacement to a sustainable bio-fuels source. This research investigated the yield of three kinds of products of the fast pyrolysis of desert date shell in a fabricated fixed bed reactor by varying the pyrolysis temperature from 500 to 800 °C. The purpose of the experiment was to produce briquettes from the bio-chars bonded with cassava starch and gum arabic. The physicochemical properties of briquettes were characterized using ASTM and DIN stan dards while the calorific values and the fuel properties such as ignition time, boiling time, cooking efficiency and fuel efficiency were determined. The maximum yield of pyrolysis liquid was obtained around 49.08 wt% as pyrolysis temperature reached 600 °C and the highest yield of gases was obtained at 23.20 wt% at 800 °C . Maximum yield of char was obtained at 500 °C around 48.20 wt% and started to decrease as temperature increases. All the properties investigated showed that starch bonded briquettes have better physicochemical and fuel qualities than the gum arabic bonded briquettes. It was observed that the best starch bonded briquettes were obtained at 800 o C temperature range while the best gum arabic bonded briquette was obtained at 800 °C temperature range. It was observed that the briquettes produced from pyrolysis derived biochar have great potential as an alternative solid fuel.
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