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The sulfur-doped graphene oxide/graphite oxide composite material was synthesized in an original way, and a detailed study of its structural arrangement was carried out using XRD and Raman spectroscopy. Negative differential resistive properties of the obtained material were observed on the current-voltage curve at room temperature as a result of limited proton hopping through water molecules adsorbed on the hydrophilic surface of graphene oxide layers in the presence of a sulfur-enriched graphite oxide component with high electron conductivity, which promotes spatial charge separation and increases the efficiency of H+ transport. The obtained result offers a new way for the one-pot synthesis of new graphene-based composite materials with a wide range of possible applications.

Background: Midwives are required to make ethical decisions with the support of respective codes of professional ethics which provide a framework for decision making in clinical practice. While each midwife should be ethically aware and sensitive to the ever-changing issues within reproduction, few empirical studies have examined the views of student midwives in relation to reproductive ethical dilemmas. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore midwifery students’ reactions to a number of ethical dilemmas relating to women’s experiences of reproductive decision making. Design: A series of focus groups were conducted with midwifery students who were asked to discuss five culturally significant scenarios including issues of knowledge acquisition regarding methods of family planning, removal or insertion of an intrauterine device, and abortion. Setting: A University in Turkey was the setting for this study. Participants: Purposeful sampling was adopted which resulted in five focus groups with a total of 57 midwifery students. Ethical considerations: The study was reviewed and granted formal ethical approval by an ethical committee at the Faculty of Health Science in Atatürk University. The head of the Faculty of Health Science approved the investigation. The participants received both oral and written information about the study and they gave their consent. Results: Five themes were identified from the analysis of the focus group data related to all five scenarios. These themes were ‘the right to information’, ‘choice and protection’, ‘parental rights and welfare of the women’, ‘make a decision’ and ‘women rights and sexual abuse’. Conclusion: This study has shown that while students respected women’s choice, they also expressed great ambivalence in some situations when personal values conflict with dominant societal beliefs and professional ethics. A focus on ethics education to include human rights is suggested as a means to enable students to explore their own social-value judgements, and as a means to limit the possible development of ethical confusion and moral distress.

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Bu araştırma "Gebelikteki Yakınmalar ve Yaşam Kalitesine Etkisi Ölçeği"nin Türkçe geçerlilik güvenilirlik çalışmasının yapılarak Türk toplumuna kazandırılması amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma Türkiye'nin doğusunda bir kadın doğum hastanesinde Şubat 2015 ve Nisan 2016 tarihleri arasında metodolojik olarak yapılmıştır. Bu araştırma, çalışmaya dahil edilme kriterlerini karşılayan 506 gebe kadın ile yürütülmüştür. Ölçeğin çeviri-geri çeviri yöntemi ile dil geçerliliği analiz edilmiş ve uzman görüşleri ile kapsam geçerliliği yapılmıştır. Ölçek pilot uygulama sonrası örneklem grubuna uygulanmıştır. Faktör analizi sonucu, ölçeğin tek faktörlü bir yapıda ve faktör yüklerinin uygun aralıkta olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ölçeğin iç tutarlılık analizi sonucunda ölçeğin madde toplam puan korelasyonlarının yeterli ve Cronbach alfa katsayısının 0.91 olduğu bulunmuştur. Ölçek hem gebelik şikayetlerini hem de yaşam kalitesini değerlendirdiği için ölçeğin Türkçe başlığı, Türk toplumuna uyarlanırken daha anlaşılır ve daha uygun olacağı düşünülerek uzman görüşleri doğrultusunda, "Gebelikte Yakınmalar ve Yaşam Kalitesine Etkisi Ölçeği" olarak belirlenmiştir. Ölçeğin Türk toplumu için geçerli ve güvenilir bir değerlendirme aracı olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

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Background: Many traditional practices related to pregnancy, birth, and the postnatal period are used around the world. Aim of the study: The purpose of this study was to determine and compare traditional methods used by women of different cultures during pregnancy, delivery, and the postpartum period. Material and methods: This descriptive study was conducted in a maternity hospital in Turkey and gynecology and obstetrics outpatient clinics in Poland. The study sample consisted of 235 women from Turkey and 230 women from Poland. A self-administrated questionnaire was used to collect the data. Results: It was found that pregnancy-related traditional methods using an increase in skin changes were perceived by 40.3% of the women in Turkey as a pregnancy indicator and a predictor of gender of the infant by the shape of the abdomen in 90.8% of women. Delivery-related traditional methods of burying the umbilical cord were used by 80.1% of women, and postpartum-related traditional methods using depilatory agents for perineal care were endorsed by 42.1% of women. Praying for protection from the evil eye and other evil situations was reported by 62.3% of women. It was found that pregnancy-related traditional methods using intuition were reported by 43.8% of the women in Poland, and the prediction of the gender of an infant was also based on intuitions. Delivery-related traditional methods to prevent the retention of the placenta with massage were reported by 66.7% of women. Postpartum-related traditional methods of taking a shower for perineal care were practiced by 92.2% of women in addition to using red items for protection from the evil eye and other evil situations. Conclusions: It was found that there are various traditional practices during pregnancy, delivery, and the postpartum period in both countries that are similar, but differences also exist between the two countries.

ÖZAmaç: Bu çalışma, gebelerin evlilik doyumlarını belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı-kesitsel tipte olan bu çalışmanın evrenini, Türkiye'nin doğusundaki bir doğum/ bir üniversite hastanesine Aralık 2014-Şubat 2015 tarihleri arasında gelen gebeler; örneklemini ise toplam 203 gebe oluşturmuştur. Araştırmaya başlamadan önce, Atatürk Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Etik Kurulundan onay, ilgili hastanelerden resmi izin, katılımcılardan sözel onam alınmıştır. Veriler anket formu, Golombok-Rust Evlilik Durumu Envanteri (GREDE) kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde yüzdelik dağılımlar, ortalama, varyans analizi (ANOVA), t testi, non-parametrik testler (Kruskal Wallis, MannWhitney-U) kullanılmıştır.Bulgular: Gebelerin GREDE puan ortalamasının 45.90±5.76 olduğu; ölçeğin kesme puanlarına göre gebelerin %45.8'inin evliliklerinde çok ciddi sorunları olduğu saptanmıştır. Okur-yazar olan gebelerin, evlilik süresi 19-24 ay, ev içi sorumluluğu kendisine ait olanların GREDE ölçek puan ortalamalarının daha yüksek olduğu ve grupların puan ortalaması arasındaki farkın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu bulunmuştur (p<0.05).Sonuç: Araştırmada yer alan gebelerin evlilik doyumlarında çok ciddi sorunları olduğu; eğitim durumunun, evlilik süresinin, ev içi sorumlulukların evlilik doyumunu etkilediği bulunmuştur. Bu çerçevede evli çiftler ilişkilerinin her döneminde desteğe ihtiyaç duyduğunda sağlık çalışanları ve evlilik danışmanlarından gerekli desteği almalıdır. ABSTRACTAim: This study was conducted to determine the marital satisfaction of pregnant women.Material and Methods: The universe of this descriptive, cross-sectional study was composed of Gebelerin Evlilik Doyumları Pregnant Women is Marital Satisfactions all pregnant women who applied to a maternity/university hospital in eastern Turkey between December 2014 and February 2015. A total of 203 pregnant women were included in the study. The ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences. The necessary permission was received from the hospitals where the study conducted. Verbal informed consent was also obtained from the participants. The data were collected using a questionnaire and the Golombok-Rust Inventory of Marital State (GRIMS). The data were analyzed by using percentage distributions, mean, analysis of variance (ANOVA), t-test and non-parametric tests (Kruskal Wallis, MannWhitney-U).Results: It was determined that the GRIMS mean score of pregnant women was 45.90±5.76. According to the cut-off scores of the inventory, 45.8% of the pregnant women experienced serious problems in their marriage. Women who were literate, had a marriage duration of 19-24 months and were responsible for the household had higher mean scores of the GRIMS. The difference between the mean scores of groups was statistically significant. Conclusion:The pregnant women involved in the study had serious problems with marital satisfaction. It was found that the educational status, the duration of marriage, and the domes...