ResumoO objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar a situação de insegurança alimentar (IA) em relação à área de residência de crianças menores de cinco anos de idade em município do Semiárido brasileiro. O delineamento foi transversal de base populacional. Foram analisados dados demográficos e situação de IA a partir da Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar (EBIA), envolvendo sorteio aleatório de crianças que compareceram à Campanha Nacional de Vacinação, realizada em 2010. Foi realizada associação entre a área de residência e a situação de IA da criança por meio de teste do χ 2 , cálculo da odds ratio (OR) e respectivo intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%), fixando como valor de significância estatística p<0,05. O estudo envolveu uma casuística de 370 crianças. Foi verificado que residir na área rural aumentava duas vezes a chance de IA (OR=2,2; IC95% 1,32-3,65). Contudo, quando investigados os casos de maior gravidade de IA, as famílias da área rural apresentaram os menores percentuais de IA grave (4,3%) em comparação à urbana (7,9%), com p=0,002. Assim, supõe-se que as famílias da área rural encontram formas de apoio social para as consequências mais graves de IA, recorrendo a recursos que são improváveis no meio urbano, como a agricultura de subsistência e o auxílio solidário.Palavras-chave: segurança alimentar e nutricional; desigualdade social; crianças; Brasil. AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the situation of food insecurity (FI) related to the area of residence of children under five years old in Brazilian county Semi-arid. The design was cross-sectional population-based. Demographic data and FI situation were analyzed from the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA), involving random children selection who attended the National Vaccination Campaign in 2010. We performed association between residence area and child FI status through χ 2 test, calculating the odds ratio (OR) and its confidence interval of 95% (95%CI), setting p<0.05. The study involved a sample of 370 children. We found that living in rural areas doubles the chance of FI (OR=2.2; 95%CI 1.32-3.65). However, when more FI severe cases were investigated, the rural households had the lowest percentages for severe FI (4.3%) compared to urban (7.9%), p=0.002. Thus, it is assumed that rural households find forms of social support for the more serious consequences of FI, using resources that are unlikely in urban areas, such as subsistence farming and assistance solidarity.

Background: A Spanish version of a questionnaire intended to estimate, at the population level, the prevalence rates of self-reported gluten-related disorders and adherence to gluten-free diets has been applied in four Latin American countries. However, idiom issues have hampered the questionnaire application in the Brazilian population. Thus, the aim of the present study was to carry out a translation, cultural adaptation, and evaluation of a Brazilian Portuguese questionnaire to estimate the self-reported prevalence of gluten-related disorders and adherence to gluten-free diets in a Brazilian population. Materials and Methods: Two bilingual Portuguese–Spanish health professionals carried out the translation of the original Spanish version of the questionnaire to Brazilian-Portuguese. Matching between the two translations was evaluated using the WCopyFind.4.1.5 software. Words in conflict were conciliated, and the conciliated version of the Brazilian Portuguese instrument was evaluated to determine its clarity, comprehension, and consistency. A pilot study was carried out using an online platform. Results: The two questionnaires translated into Brazilian Portuguese were highly matched (81.8%–84.1%). The questions of the conciliated questionnaire were clear and comprehensible with a high agreement among the evaluators (n = 64) (average Kendall’s W score was 0.875). The participants did not suggest re-wording of questions. The answers to the questions were consistent after two applications of the questionnaire (Cohen’s k = 0.869). The pilot online survey yielded low response rates (9.0%) highlighting the need for face-to-face interviews. Conclusions: The translation and evaluation of a Brazilian Portuguese questionnaire to estimate the self-reported prevalence rates of gluten-related disorders and adherence to gluten-free diets was carried out. The instrument is clear, comprehensible, and generates reproducible results in the target population. Further survey studies involving face-to-face interviews are warranted.

BackgroundThere are still no studies of the cardiovascular safety of the isolated use of Citrus aurantium in aerobic submaximal exercise.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of C. aurantium supplementation on the recovery of cardiorespiratory and autonomic parameters following a session of submaximal aerobic exercise.MethodsTwelve healthy male adults achieved a crossover, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial. C. aurantium (600 mg, p-synephrine at 30% amount [180 mg]) or placebo (600 mg of starch) were ingested 90 min before evaluation in randomized days. We evaluated systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse pressure (PP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and, HR variability indexes at Rest and during 60 min of recovery from exercise.ResultsCitrus aurantium ingestion accelerated the reduction in SBP after exercise, anticipated the return of vagal modulation of the heart after exercise via the HF (ms2), pNN50 (%), and 2 UV% indices. Moreover, rushed the output of sympathetic modulation after exercise via the 0V% index. No unfavorable cardiovascular effects were achieved for HR, DBP, PP, and MAP parameters.ConclusionsCitrus aurantium was shown to be safe for the cardiovascular and autonomic systems alongside submaximal aerobic exercise in healthy males.

Background The iron deficiency anemia is a worldwide public problem, especially in developing countries, related to increased body needs and inadequate supply of iron from the diet. Objective To analyze the association of food insecurity with hemoglobin concentration and the prevalence of anemia in preschool aged children in the city of Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 306 children of preschool age. The nutritional status was assessed according to hemoglobin level and anthropometric indicators. Socioeconomic data and Brazilian Household Food Insecurity Measurement Scale (EBIA) results were obtained from interview with parents. Results The prevalence of anemia was around 19% of preschool aged children and 41.2% families presented food insecurity. The anthropometric indicators were not associated with food insecurity and even though the bivariate analysis demonstrated that mild food insecurity affects the hemoglobin level, after adjusting the multivariate model this association lost significance (p > 0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of anemia of 19.2% and the household food insecurity was found among 42.2% of the population.

RESUMOO Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) é uma doença crônica de múltiplas etiologias, caracterizada por hiperglicemia crônica que leva principalmente a distúrbios no metabolismo dos carboidratos. O estado nutricional de idosos com diabetes está diretamente ligado as suas escolhas alimentares e a educação nutricional tem por finalidade modificar hábitos alimentares prejudiciais à saúde, através de um processo ativo, visando à prática alimentar saudável. O presente estudo objetivou conhecer o estado nutricional e hábito alimentar de idosos com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 assistidos em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) do município de Porteiras-CE. Tratou-se de um estudo transversal, com uma abordagem quantitativa e descritiva. Foram convidados a participar da pesquisa idosos com DM2, cadastrados na UBS selecionada. Como instrumento de coleta de dados para avaliação do estado nutricional e hábito alimentar foi aplicada a Mini-avaliação Nutricional -MAN, juntamente a um Questionário de Frequência Alimentar -QFA e um roteiro de entrevista que abordou questões sobre educação nutricional. A pesquisa alcançou os seus objetivos, contribuindo para a caracterização do estado nutricional e perfil alimentar de idosos com DM2, os resultados obtidos refletem um desequilíbrio alimentar e uma alta taxa de sobrepeso, fatores que afetam diretamente o estado de saúde e podem levar a complicações relacionadas a diabetes. Conclui-se que atenção básica em saúde pode desenvolver ações de aconselhamento nutricional de forma individual ou em grupo visando promoção em saúde e moraria na qualidade da alimentação da população idosa. Palavras chaves: Idosos; Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2; Educação Nutricional ABSTRACT Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) is a chronic disease of multiple etiologies, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia that leads mainly to disorders in the metabolism of carbohydrates. The nutritional status of the elderly with diabetes is directly linked to their food choices and nutritional education aims to modify eating habits that are harmful to health through an active process aimed at healthy eating practices. The present study aimed to know the nutritional status and eating habits of elderly people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus assisted in a Basic Health Unit (BHU) in the city of Porteiras -CE. It was a cross-sectional study with a quantitative and descriptive approach. Elderly patients with DM2, enrolled in the selected UBS, were invited to participate in the study. As an instrument for data collection to evaluate nutritional status and food habits, the Nutrition Mini-Assessment (MAN) was applied along with a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and an interview script that addressed questions about nutritional education. The research achieved its objectives, contributing to the characterization of the nutritional status and dietary profile of elderly people with DM2, the results obtained reflect a food imbalance and a high rate of overweight, factors that directly affect health status and can lead to related complications To diabet...

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the association of anemia with the socioeconomic vulnerability of preschoolers in public day care centers, in the city of Taubaté, SP, Brazil. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with a probabilistic sample that analyzed 363 children assisted in public day care centres in low-income and high-income areas of Taubaté, SP, Brazil. The hemoglobin concentration (Hb), dependent variable, was obtained by digital puncture, considering anemic children with Hb concentration <11.0 g/dL. The independent variables such as socioeconomic and demographic conditions were collected by a semi-structured questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia was 19.3% among preschoolers. Children from day care centers with high socioeconomic vulnerability had lower Hb concentration than those from a non-vulnerable area (p<0.05). Conclusions: The lower concentration of hemoglobin in preschoolers is associated with the location of day care centers in an area of socioeconomic vulnerability. Children attending these day care centers face adverse family conditions such as low income, working mothers, and mothers with low schooling, though they receive social benefits and monitoring by public health services.

Objetivo: Revisar a associação entre o cigarro, o narguilé e o desenvolvimento da doença periodontal. Métodos: Foram realizadas pesquisas em revistas, livros, e artigos científicos encontrados através dos sites de buscas PubMed, Scielo, Portal Capes e Google Acadêmico. Resultados: Atualmente a prevalência de fumantes é de 1,3 bilhões no mundo, sendo o tabagismo considerado uma doença epidemiológica, pois causa dependência pelas substâncias presentes em sua composição. Estas substâncias, além da dependência, causam danos à saúde bucal, atuando como fator modificador no desenvolvimento da doença periodontal, por interferência local e sistêmica, além de influenciar negativamente no resultado do seu tratamento. Considerações finais: O uso do tabaco independente da sua forma de apresentação, está relacionado diretamente com o desenvolvimento da doença periodontal. Novas políticas de regulamentação, ações de promoção e prevenção para saúde, devem ser implementadas, principalmente levando em a crescente prevalência do narguilé entre adultos jovens e adolescentes, fora das regiões em que era tradicionalmente conhecido.

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