The IPR/Pre-Natal index effectively incorporated quantitative and qualitative elements for the assessment of pre-natal care.

This study aimed to analyze the impact of educational strategies developed in low-

Objectives

BackgroundLow calcium:phosphorus ratios (Ca:P ratio) in habitual diet have been observed worldwide, and it has been shown to be harmful to the bone health of the population. However, no study associating this ratio with obesity was found. Thus, considering that the intake of calcium and phosphorus will generate a ratio between them, which may be associated with obesity, this research seeks at evaluating the relation between obesity and the Ca:P ratio in the habitual diet of adults.MethodsCross-sectional population-based epidemiological study with stratified and systematic sampling. The sample was composed of 506 adults, aged between 18 and 60 years, of both genders. Information on socioeconomic and demographic conditions was obtained through questionnaires completed during home visits, where anthropometric and dietary evaluations were also conducted.ResultsIn the habitual diet consumed by the study subjects, a Ca:P ratio above the median of 0.57 reduced the risk of central obesity based on waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) (OR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.41 – 0.92). Habitual dietary intake of calcium (OR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.43 – 0.97) and dairy products (OR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.37 – 0.84) above the median value (485.4 mg and 0.9 servings, respectively) was found to be a protective factor related to central obesity based on WHtR.ConclusionsValues above the median for the Ca:P ratio found in the habitual diet were negatively associated with central obesity based on WHtR. In addition, calcium and dairy consumption were negatively associated with central obesity based on WHtR. Therefore, higher Ca:P ratios contributed to a lower prevalence of central obesity.

ResumoO objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar a situação de insegurança alimentar (IA) em relação à área de residência de crianças menores de cinco anos de idade em município do Semiárido brasileiro. O delineamento foi transversal de base populacional. Foram analisados dados demográficos e situação de IA a partir da Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar (EBIA), envolvendo sorteio aleatório de crianças que compareceram à Campanha Nacional de Vacinação, realizada em 2010. Foi realizada associação entre a área de residência e a situação de IA da criança por meio de teste do χ 2 , cálculo da odds ratio (OR) e respectivo intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%), fixando como valor de significância estatística p<0,05. O estudo envolveu uma casuística de 370 crianças. Foi verificado que residir na área rural aumentava duas vezes a chance de IA (OR=2,2; IC95% 1,32-3,65). Contudo, quando investigados os casos de maior gravidade de IA, as famílias da área rural apresentaram os menores percentuais de IA grave (4,3%) em comparação à urbana (7,9%), com p=0,002. Assim, supõe-se que as famílias da área rural encontram formas de apoio social para as consequências mais graves de IA, recorrendo a recursos que são improváveis no meio urbano, como a agricultura de subsistência e o auxílio solidário.Palavras-chave: segurança alimentar e nutricional; desigualdade social; crianças; Brasil. AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the situation of food insecurity (FI) related to the area of residence of children under five years old in Brazilian county Semi-arid. The design was cross-sectional population-based. Demographic data and FI situation were analyzed from the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA), involving random children selection who attended the National Vaccination Campaign in 2010. We performed association between residence area and child FI status through χ 2 test, calculating the odds ratio (OR) and its confidence interval of 95% (95%CI), setting p<0.05. The study involved a sample of 370 children. We found that living in rural areas doubles the chance of FI (OR=2.2; 95%CI 1.32-3.65). However, when more FI severe cases were investigated, the rural households had the lowest percentages for severe FI (4.3%) compared to urban (7.9%), p=0.002. Thus, it is assumed that rural households find forms of social support for the more serious consequences of FI, using resources that are unlikely in urban areas, such as subsistence farming and assistance solidarity.