Facial palsy in children is a manifestation of a heterogeneous group of causes. The most common aetiology of FNP in children in our study was idiopathic (Bell's palsy), followed by infective causes, such as acute otitis media and neurotropic herpes viruses. Therefore, treatment should be adapted to each patient depending on the underlying disease and severity of FNP.

Background:Aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) is a part of a heterogeneous group of conditions characterized by the congenital absence of epidermis, dermis, and in some cases, subcutaneous tissues or bone usually involving the scalp vertex. There is an estimated incidence of 3 in 10,000 births resulting in a total number of 500 reported cases to date. The lesions may occur on every body surface although localized scalp lesions form the most frequent pattern (70%). Complete aplasia involving bone defects occurs in approximately 20% of cases. ACC can occur as an isolated defect or can be associated with a number of other congenital anomalies such as limb anomalies or embryologic malformations. In patients with large scalp and skull defects, there is increased risk of infection and bleeding along with increased mortality and therefore prompt and effective management is advised.Case Description:We describe two cases of ACC, involving a 4 × 3 cm defect managed conservatively and a larger 10 × 5 cm defect managed surgically with the use of a temporo-occipital scalp flap. Both cases had an excellent outcome.Conclusions:Multiple treatment regimens exist for ACC, but there is no consensus on treatment strategies. Conservative treatment has been described and advocated, but many authors have emphasized the disadvantages of this treatment modality. Decision between conservative and surgical management must be individualized according to lesion size and location.

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Anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) remains the gold standard for subaxial degeneration of anterior elements. By multilevel stenosis corpectomy or instrumentation with screws and plate are supported. Their potential complications, though, should be reckoned. The use of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cages packed with demineralized bone matrix (DBM) alone can provide good fusion rates and clinical improvement even in cases of three levels degeneration. The purpose of this paper is to present retrospectively the outcomes of 15 patients with cervical stenosis in three levels treated with cage implantation reviewing the relevant literature, too.

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Herpes simplex virus Type 1 (HSV-1) is a human neurotropic virus causing encephalitis, corneal blindness or several peripheral nervous system disorders. Herpes Simplex encephalitis (HSE) is the most devastating clinical syndrome with severe morbidity and mortality. Hydrocephalus associated with viral meningoencephalitis is an extremely rare entity with only few documented cases, predominantly due to HSV-2 infection. HSV-1 infection of central nervous system present in the majority of the cases as encephalitis. We report a rare case of an 11-year-old child suffering from HSV-1 infection of central nervous system causing hydrocephalus without evidence of encephalitis.

Synovial sarcoma (SS) most commonly affects the lower limbs of males in the third to fifth decades of life, with masses of the head and neck accounting for 3–10% of all cases, mainly as a metastatic lesion. The lack of specific symptoms and radiological features in addition to the diversity of their microscopic aspects may cause confusion in the diagnosis; hence, knowledge of the unusual locations of SSs is very important. The immunohistochemistry, and more recently the cytogenetic studies, contribute to the differential diagnosis. We report the case of a 12-year-old girl with a rare primary SS in the suboccipital region, which underwent complete surgical resection.

Patient: Male, 58-year-old Final Diagnosis: Epidermoid cyst Symptoms: Exophthalmos Medication:— Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Neurosurgery Objective: Rare disease Background: Calvarial epidermoid cysts (EC) are encased remnants of ectoderm at the third week of gestation. There are also reports which consider them sequelae of head trauma. They are benign lesions. As they develop, they exert a mass effect to adjacent anatomical structures. Case Report: We report the case of a 58-year-old male patient with left-sided exophthalmos. His radiologic examinations depicted an oval cystic lesion (7×5×5.5 cm) arising from the left frontal bone and abutting the ipsilateral orbital roof. Our patient underwent a total extirpation of the lesion through a frontal craniectomy. Cranioplasty was then performed with a Porex ® graft. The pearl-hued lamellae of the lesion macroscopically resembled keratin tissue. Histopathological findings supported the diagnosis of an epidermoid cyst. Postoperatively, our patient had no neurologic deficits and a computed tomography scan showed no residual effects. Conclusions: Large calvarial EC with intraorbital expansion in adults are rare clinical entities. Gross total resection with the infiltrated bone and cranioplasty is the treatment of choice, which also establishes the diagnosis.