No abstract

Our results suggest that the consumption of virgin olive oil rich in phenolic compounds may reduce the risk of atherosclerosis development by decreasing inflammation and improving the antioxidant profile in the vascular endothelium.

We have investigated whether dietary fat modifies the postprandial oxidative stress in adipose tissue of elderly people. Twenty participants received three diets for 4 weeks each: SFA-rich diet, Mediterranean (Med) diet enriched in MUFA with virgin olive oil, and a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet enriched in n-3 PUFA (α-linolenic acid from plant origin) (CHO-PUFA diet). After 12 h of fasting, volunteers received a breakfast reflecting the fatty acid composition of the diet ingested in the preceding dietary period. Med diet induced higher postprandial SOD2 and TrxR mRNA levels, and CHO-PUFA diet induced higher GPx1 and TrxR mRNA levels compared with SFA-rich diet. Med and CHO-PUFA breakfasts induced a postprandial increase in plasma reduced glutathione (GSH), and a greater postprandial GSH/oxidized glutathione ratio compared to the SFArich diet. Our study suggests that the consumption of Med and CHO-PUFA diets may reduce postprandial oxidative stress compared to an SFA-rich diet, which may be due to higher antioxidant enzymes gene expression in adipose tissue.

Studies have shown that the performance of scheduled physical activity is positively related to a higher quality of life related to health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of physical activity according to the quality of life in the adult population of Paraguay in the period from November to December 2020. A descriptive, analytical cross-sectional design study, which included 211 adults of both sexes. Sociodemographic data such as age, sex and origin were collected, as well as data on physical activity (IPAQ/METS questionnaire) and quality of life (EuroQol-5D questionnaire). The predominant sex was female (89%), 53.5% resided in Gran Asunción and the average age was 34.6±10.6. The level of physical activity was mostly moderate (36.5%). The quality of life index was 0.67±0.15 and the perception of health was 79.12±18.35. Within the dimensions of quality of life, it was observed that 23% had moderate pain or discomfort and that 33% had moderate depression or anxiety. Significant differences were found between the level of physical activity and the quality of life index and the perception of health. The level of physical activity is a determinant of health-related quality of life, the greater the intensity of physical activity, the better the quality and perception of health indices in adults.

Introducción: La modernización alimentaria ha llevado a una mayor disponibilidad de alimentos industrializados destinados a la población infantil, ricos en azúcares, grasas saturadas y altos en sodio. El objetivo fue determinar la adecuación de la composición nutricional de alimentos procesados y ultraprocesados destinados a niños de 2 a 12 años de edad de acuerdo al Perfil de Alimentos de la OPS respecto a los nutrientes críticos según lo declarado en el etiquetado nutricional. Material y métodos: estudio transversal, observacional y descriptivo en el que se analizaron 113 productos: 11 procesados y 102 ultraprocesados según la clasificación NOVA, de dos supermercados de Asunción - Paraguay. Resultados: la relación sodio/kcal fue elevada en 1 categoría de alimentos procesados y en 4 categorías de ultraprocesados. La cantidad de azúcares fue elevada en los alimentos procesados y en 6 de los ultraprocesados. El total de grasas y grasas saturadas fue elevado en 3 de los ultraprocesados a excepción de los snacks que solo sobrepasaron el máximo permitido de grasas totales. Conclusiones: los alimentos procesados y ultraprocesados destinados a la población infantil analizados en este estudio, tienen al menos un nutriente crítico que sobrepasa lo establecido por la OPS, con lo cual se sugiere evitar al máximo su consumo por parte de los niños.

No abstract

No abstract

Introduction:This study aimed to determine the relationship between symptoms of anxiety and/or anhedonia (inability to feel pleasure) and diet quality during confinement due to COVID-19 in rural populations in Latin America. Methods: This was a multicentric, cross-sectional study. An online survey was applied, which included the Beck Anxiety Inventory, Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale for assessing the presence of anhedonia, the Food Intake Questionnaire and sociodemographic questions. Results:The study included 10 552 people from 11 countries; 708 participants were living in rural areas. More than half of the participants were quarantined at the time of the survey. Diet quality was inversely associated with anhedonia (p<0.001) and anxiety (p=0.003). In addition, a healthier diet was associated with being female (p=0.030), having a higher level of education (p=0.008) and country of residence (p=0.001). Conclusion:Among the rural population during the COVID pandemic, this study found a worse diet quality was associated with symptoms of anhedonia and anxiety, as well as lower level of education and being male. Proposals to improve the quality of the diet could include interventions aimed at people's mental health.