Detarium senegalense, Detarium microcarpum et Piliostigma reticulatum sont trois plantes de la flore sénégalaise, utilisées en médecine traditionnelle pour la prise en charge de maladies infectieuses. Cette étude visait à déterminer in vitro l’activité antimicrobienne d’extraits et de fractions de feuilles de ces plantes sur différentes souches (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus et Candida albicans). Les méthodes de diffusion en milieu solide et de dilution en milieu liquide ont été utilisées pour la détermination des Diamètres d’Inhibition (DI) et des Concentrations Minimales Inhibitrices (CMI). Le screening phytochimique a été réalisé par des tests de caractérisation reposant sur des réactions physico-chimiques et par chromatographie sur couche mince. Sur l’ensemble des échantillons testés, seule la fraction dichlorométhanique de P. reticulatum était inactive sur les souches bactériennes étudiées. Les DI variaient entre 10 et 23 mm pour les échantillons actifs. Les CMI étaient comprises entre 0,0293 et 2,50 mg/mL. Les fractions d’acétate d’éthyle étaient les plus actives. Les familles de molécules suivantes ont été identifiées : tanins, flavonoïdes et saponosides. Les teneurs en polyphénols totaux variaient de 0,66 à 19 mg équivalent acide tannique/g. Cette étude a montré que les extraits des trois plantes sont dotés d’un fort pouvoir antimicrobien et contiennent plusieurs familles de composés chimiques.
Aflatoxin B1 is a mycotoxin that can contaminate a wide feedstuffs variety. Ingestion of contaminated feed by poultry can lead to impaired health and zootechnical performances but also a human diet safety problem related to residues presence in animal origin products. Aflatoxin B1 contamination of poultry feed samples marketed in Dakar city and in peri-urban areas (Gorom, Sangalkam) was studied. A total of 15 samples were collected from Dakar city markets as well as from poultry farms in Gorom and Sangalkam areas. Aflatoxin B1 quantification was performed by high performance liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography. HPLC results showed that all samples were contaminated with levels ranging from 0.15 to 22 ppb, 0.099 to 2.05 ppb and 0.099 to 4.95 ppb respectively for Gorom, Sangalkam and Dakar. Only the finishing feed from Gorom had an aflatoxin B1 level above the maximum limit set by regulations. TLC is a suitable method for aflatoxins detection. However, it was associated with overestimation for aflatoxin B1 quantification. Results suggest that poultry feed represents a real source of human diet contamination. In addition, HPLC remains the most reliable quantification technique for quality control.
In Senegal, artisanal vegetable oils trade is developing and Balanites aegyptiaca (desert date) as well as Sesamum indicum (sesame) are popular vegetal species. Present study focused on oils obtained from these two plants seeds. These oils have various applications such as for dietary and cosmetic purposes. Sampling carried out in Dakar region allowed collection of five oil samples for each specie, mainly in different districts shops or craft fairs. Their peroxide, acid, iodine and saponification values as well as volatile matter, tocopherols and vitamin A contents have been determined through reference methods described by International Organization for Standardization (ISO) or French Standardization Association (AFNOR). Obtained experimental data were compared with Codex Alimentarius standard and/or literature, since some parameters are not subject to specific regulation. Balanites aegyptiaca and Sesamum indicum oil samples showed an orange-yellow or pale yellow coloration. Only one desert date oil sample had an adequate peroxide value while two from sesame were not compliant. Iodine values for B. aegyptiaca samples were closed to a result previously described by peer researchers for an oil produced from seeds harvested in Senegal but out of Codex specification range for sesame oils. All ten samples had a suitable acidity, widely below maximum value of 4.0 mg KOH/g. Two sesame oil samples had correct saponification value. Among ten oil samples collected, eight showed a volatile matter content exceeding standard. Vitamin A had not been detected in any sample. Desert date oils tocopherols content were comprised between 975.38 and 1141.36 mg/kg and S. indicum samples met the standard indicating a tocopherols level in the range [330 -1010 mg/kg]. Present study results are not all conclusive and reinforce reservations about commercially available artisanal oils quality. However, literature review allows to state that oils physico-chemical properties and nutrient content vary greatly.
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