Kebutuhan energi listrik di Indonesia tahun 2014 mencapai 205 TWh dan di prediksi mengalami peningkatan sebesar 8,3% setiap tahunnya, hal ini dapat menyebabkan Indonesia menjadi negara pengimpor energi di tahun 2033. Permasalahan tersebut dapat diatasi dengan melakukan pengembangan energi alternatif, salah satunya memanfaatkan waste vibration energy dari gerakan kendaraan bermotor menggunakan polisi tidur piezoelektrik. Polisi tidur piezoelektrik yang dirancang pada penelitian terdiri atas sistem mekanik polisi tidur yang berfungsi menerima masukan dari tekanan kendaraan bermotor, sistem kantilever piezoelektrik sebagai komponen penghasil energi listrik dan sistem harvesting energy sebagai pemanen energi dari material piezoelektrik. Satu modul sistem terdiri dari rangkaian paralel piezoelektrik yang dihubungkan dengan buck konverter MB39C811. Sistem yang paling maksimal menghasilkan energi adalah rangkaian lima modul secara paralel. Polisi tidur piezoelektrik mam pu menghasilkan daya listrik dengan masukan 60 kali lindasan kendaran bermotor sebesar 2.166mWh dengan efisiensi 2.87 % dibandingkan dengan masukan manual.
This paper presents the application of Barrier Lyapunov Function (BLF) and backstepping technique to stabilize a nonlinear dynamic system with state-constraints. A barrier function, which limits the region of Lyapunov function candidate, is utilized to design an algorithm that stabilizes each subsystem. Then, a backstepping approach is applied to generate control law that stabilizes the whole system recursively. Using the control law derived from this combination, the origin of state-constrained system is asymptotically stable for all initial conditions within the respective constraints range. For validation, the performance of this proposed control law is demonstrated by simulation, where all of the state trajectories converge to the origin.
This study reports the redesign of a laboratory-scale pilot plant for textile wastewater treatment, especially in the pH neutralization process. The goal was to improve the plant structure, to facilitate more efficient process control. The result was a modular wastewater treatment plant that easy to operate and more efficient. A microcontroller controlled the plant. The plant was equipped with sensors and actuators to enable process monitoring and control in real-time. The control system was able to maintain the waste pH close to the setpoint (pH 8.5) despite the process disturbances.
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