RESUMO:Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de flebite relacionada ao uso de dispositivos intravenosos periféricos em crianças em um hospital universitário. Método: Estudo descritivo e retrospectivo, quantitativo, com base em dados provenientes da ficha de notificação de flebite relacionada à terapia intravenosa periférica, no período de junho de 2011 a junho de 2014, da unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica, na cidade de Curitiba-PR. Resultados: De um total de 1306 cateteres, foram notificados 339 casos de flebite (prevalência de 26%) no período de três anos. A prevalência de flebite foi de 34% nas crianças de 0 a 2 anos e de 30,2% (n=179) PREVALENCE OF PHLEBITIS RELATED TO THE USE OF PERIPHERAL INTRAVENOUS DEVICES IN CHILDRENABSTRACT: Objective: To assess the prevalence of phlebitis, related to the use of peripheral intravenous devices in children in a teaching hospital. Method: A quantitative, descriptive and retrospective study, based in data taken from the phlebitis notification form related to peripheral intravenous therapy, in June 2011 -June 2014, in a pediatric intensive care unit in the city of Curitiba, in the Brazilian state of Paraná (PR). Results: Of a total of 1306 catheters, 339 cases of phlebitis were notified (prevalence of 26%) in the threeyear period. The prevalence of phlebitis was 34% in children aged from 0 to 2 years and was 30.2% (n=179) among female children. Regarding the classification of the cases of phlebitis, 82.6% (n=280) were Grade 1, and the mean dwell-time of the device was 49.92 ± 43.19 hours. Conclusion: The data presented here demonstrate a high prevalence of phlebitis in pediatric patients, and the need to seek measures capable of reducing these events. PREVALENCIA DE FLEBITIS RELACIONADA AL USO DE DISPOSITIVOS INTRAVENOSOS PERIFÉRICOS EN NIÑOSRESUMEN: Objetivo: Evaluar la prevalencia de flebitis relacionada al uso de dispositivos intravenosos periféricos en niños, en un hospital universitario. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo, cuantitativo, basado en datos obtenidos de ficha de notificación de flebitis relacionada a terapia intravenosa periférica, desde junio de 2011 a junio de 2014, en unidad de terapia intensiva pediátrica, ciudad de Curitiba-PR. Resultados: Sobre un total de 1306 catéteres, fueron notificados 339 casos de flebitis (prevalencia del 26%) en un lapso de tres años. La prevalencia de flebitis fue del 34% en niños de 0 a 2 años y de 30,2% (n=179) en el sexo femenino. Respecto a la clasificación de las flebitis, 82,6% (n=280) fueron de Grado 1, y el tiempo medio de permanencia del dispositivo fue de 49,92 ± 43,19 horas. Conclusión: Los datos presentados demuestran alta prevalencia de flebitis en pacientes pediátricos, y la necesidad de buscar medidas reductoras de tales eventos.

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Endotracheal intubation is one of the most common invasive procedures in routine pediatric intensive care. Unplanned extubation occurs when an endotracheal tube is inadvertently removed. To observe and report the incidence of unplanned extubation in children before and after the introduction of a series of measures aimed at controlling and reducing this adverse event in a pediatric intensive care unit. In 2016, a total of 312 patients were hospitalized in the pediatric intensive care unit. Of these, 120 received mechanical ventilation and there were 30 unplanned extubations, corresponding to an annual incidence of 4.24%. In 2017, the corresponding figures were 301, 163, 42 and 3.4%. In 2018, after the introduction of measures to control and reduce the number of unplanned extubations, the corresponding figures were 335, 195, 31 and 1.79%. The incidence in 2018 was statistically significantly lower than in 2017 and 2016 (p < 0.01). Systematic control of the incidence of unplanned extubation and the introduction of a bundle of measures led to a significant reduction in this type of extubation in the pediatric intensive care unit.

Objective: To evaluate the viability of sputum cytology in asthmatic children, recognizing inflammatory patterns and correlating them with clinical, epidemiological and functional variables of the disease. Methods: This was a cross-sectional and observational study of children with asthma who underwent sputum induction through increasing concentrations of nebulized hypertonic saline solution from 3% to 7%. The samples were processed according to the technique developed by Pizzichini et al. and the cytological pattern classified as pauci-granulocytic, neutrophilic, eosinophilic and mixed. Samples with cell viability> 50% were considered adequate. Asthma control was assessed using the asthma control test (ACT). Results: Seventy-nine children performed sputum induction. Thirty-three samples were excluded because they were not viable for analysis, resulting in 46 samples. The children’s average age was 9.4 (± 3) years. There was a predominance of eosinophilic (25/46, 54.3%), followed by mixed (13/46, 28.3%), pauci-granulocytic (7/46, 15.2%) and neutrophilic (1/46, 2.2%) pattern. Sixty-three percent of the children had severe asthma and 84.7% were treated with inhaled corticosteroids. The ACT showed that 25 (56.8%) patients had the disease under control. Forty-five children (97.8%) underwent pulmonary function tests (spirometry) and in 13 cases (28.9%) an obstructive ventilatory defect was found. Conclusions: The eosinophilic profile was predominant in the assessed asthmatic children. Non-eosinophilic phenotypes were found, but less frequently. There was no difference between the clinical variables and the sputum profile in this study group. Sputum induction in children with asthma is feasible and safe and can contribute to a specific and personalized approach to the disease.