Labor market trajectories of migrants are seldom explored in a longitudinal and comparative perspective. However, a longitudinal approach is crucial for a better understanding of migrants' long‐term occupational attainments, while comparative research is useful to disentangle specificities and general processes across destination and origin countries. This article explores the labor market outcomes of migrants from Senegal, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Ghana in different European countries, using the MAFE data to compare their occupational attainments before migration, upon arrival and during the first 10 years of stay in Europe in a longitudinal perspective. Results highlight different pattern of migrants' selection across destinations, influenced by prior employment status and education, gender and colonial legacies, and which impact subsequent trajectories into the European labor markets. Our analyses also show a severe worsening of migrants' occupational status in Europe compared to their situation prior to migration, which is the resultant of a dramatic downgrading upon entry and of a slow occupational recovering during the first 10 years of stay in Europe. Results suggest that the educational–occupational mismatch of skilled workers might represent a long‐lasting “price” for migrants, unless (further) educational credentials are achieved in destination countries.
La migration multiple – le fait de quitter le pays de destination afin de se rendre dans un pays tiers – est un phénomène sous-étudié. Elle remet en question l’idée selon laquelle la migration est un événement unique aboutissant à une installation permanente dans le pays de destination. En s’appuyant sur une étude récente effectuée sur plusieurs sites de la migration entre le Sénégal d’une part et la France, l’Italie et l’Espagne d’autre part, cet article examine les facteurs de remigration à l’intérieur de l’Europe. La nature biographique des données permet d’adopter une perspective fondée sur les parcours de vie et d’analyser, dans le cadre d’un modèle biographique en temps discret, la manière dont les processus d’intégration économiques, juridiques et sociaux du pays de destination façonnent les trajectoires de mobilité. Les résultats montrent que les travailleurs peu qualifiés, indépendants ou sans emploi, ainsi que ceux qui ne disposent pas de permis de séjour de longue durée sont les plus susceptibles de migrer à nouveau. En outre, le fait d’avoir des proches ou des amis dans le pays d’accueil décourage une nouvelle migration, tandis que la présence de liens sociaux dans d’autres pays européens constitue l’un des moteurs de la poursuite de la mobilité en Europe.
- The phenomenon of consumption among foreigners is becoming increasingly relevant within the Italian context, bringing growing attention from the social sciences. While most studies have focused their attention almost exclusively on the demand side, the study presented here rather tries to deal with the phenomenon from the supply perspective. Here migrants have taken a leading role in the development of an increasingly articulated market addressed to an audience of co-ethnics, and then gradually to a local clientele. The analysis focuses in particular on some economic activities in the retail food business of entrepreneurs of Moroccan origins. Through the empirical study of these activities, the article tries to outline some of the main entrepreneurial strategies of integration, adaptation and innovation of migrant economic activities within the Italian context. On the basis of the cases analysed, some concluding remarks on the phenomenon of foreign entrepreneurship and its possible future developments in Italy are drawn.Keywords Consumption; migrant entrepreneurship; retail trade; ethnic food.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.