We report an extremely unusual finding discovered incidentally during a routine pathologic evaluation of a fallopian tube, surgically removed on the grounds of ectopic pregnancy. We came across a minute yellowish nodule situated within the wall of the salpinx, which corresponded to ectopic adrenal cortex, as verified by microscopical examination, and coexisted with salpingitis isthmica nodosa. A research of the available English literature on this subject confirmed the rareness of the entity we encountered. This case is presented because of its uniqueness, aiming to raise awareness of a rare condition which is discussed along with potential diagnostic dilemmas, its prognostic significance, and possible complications.
Aim. Presentation of two cases of superficial epigastric vein aneurysm simulating inguinal hernia. To our knowledge, only one other case is reported in the literature. Case presentation. The first case was a 34-year-old female with left inguinal pain and swelling which was clinically diagnosed as inguinal hernia. The second case was a 28-year-old female with inguinal pain and swelling, depicted with triplex ultrasonography and computed tomography, and was suspected to have inguinal hernia or enlarged inguinal lymph node. During the surgical exploration, both patients were found to have thrombosed aneurysm of the superficial epigastric vein. During the surgical exploration, both patients were found to have thrombosed aneurysm of the superficial epigastric vein. The superficial epigastric vein was ligated, and the venous aneurysms (
6
×
4
×
3
and
2
×
3
×
2.5
c
m
, respectively) were excised. Histological examination of the thrombosed aneurysm showed complete replacement of the vascular wall by fibrous tissue, thrombosis, and an inflammatory reaction. There were no postoperative complications, and both patients were discharged on the second postoperative day. The 3-month and 1-year follow-up examination, respectively, was uneventful. Conclusion. Although venous aneurysms in the inguinal area are rare, they should be included in the differential diagnosis of a groin swelling.
Central vein stenosis/occlusion is a common well-described sequel to the placement of hemodialysis catheters in the central venous system. The precise mechanisms by which central vein stenosis occurs are not well known. Current concepts in central vein stenosis pathophysiology focus on the response to vessel injury model, emphasizing the process of trauma. A case of left brachiocephalic vein stenosis due to the insertion and function of a temporary right subclavian hemodialysis catheter is presented. The purpose of the manuscript is to emphasize that, with the introduction of a temporary subclavian hemodialysis catheter via the right subclavian vein apart from causing concurrent stenosis/infarction of the right subclavian and right brachiocephalic vein, it is also possible to cause stenosis of the left brachiocephalic vein (close to its contribution to the superior vena cava) although the catheter tip is placed in the correct anatomical position in the superior vena cava.
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