Background Several studies suggest that device-associated, health care-associated infections (DA-HAIs) affect the quality of care in intensive care units, increasing patients' morbidity and mortality and the costs of patient care. Objectives To assess the DA-HAIs rates, microbiological profile, antimicrobial resistance, and crude excess mortality in 3 intensive care units in Athens, Greece. Methods A prospective cohort, active DA-HAI surveillance study was conducted in 3 Greek intensive care units from July 2009 to June 2010. The rates of mechanical ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), central catheter-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI), and catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) were calculated along with microbiological profile, antimicrobial resistance, and crude excess mortality. Results During 6004 days in intensive care, 152 of 294 patients acquired 205 DA-HAIs, an overall rate of 51.7% of patients or 34.1 DA-HAIs per 1000 days (95% CI,). The VAP rate was 20 (95% CI, 16.3-23.7) per 1000 ventilator-days, the CLABSI rate was 11.8 (95% CI: 9.2-14.8) per 1000 catheter-days, and the CAUTI rate was 4.2 (95% CI, 2.5-5.9) per 1000 catheter-days. The most frequently isolated pathogen was Acinetobacter baumannii among patients with CLABSI (37.8%) and Candida species among patients with CAUTI (66.7%). Excess mortality was 20.3% for VAP and CLABSI and 32.2% for carbapenem-resistant A baumannii CLABSI. Conclusion High rates of DA-HAIs, device utilization, and antimicrobial resistance emphasize the need for antimicrobial stewardship, the establishment of an active surveillance program of DA-HAIs, and the implementation of evidence-based preventive strategies. (American Journal of Critical Care. 2013;22:e12-e20) Several studies suggest that DA-HAIs are among the factors that affect the quality of care in the ICU, increasing both patients' morbidity and mortality and the costs of patient care. [10][11][12] The CDC 13 and the National Healthcare Safety Network 14 (NHSN) have published standardized criteria for surveillance of DA-HAIs: those definitions and methods for the detection of DA-HAI rates per 1000 device-days and device utilization ratios can be used as benchmarks for interhospital and intrahospital comparisons. The comparison of infection rates has proven to be a key component in reducing infection risk. 15 The device utilization ratio constitutes an extrinsic risk factor for DA-HAI and can serve as a marker for severity of illness or the patient's intrinsic susceptibility to infection. If the device utilization ratio is greater than the 90th percentile, a specific hospital is considered a high outlier and further investigation of that specific practice could be warranted. 16 Similar standards have been implemented in Europe, and national ICU surveillance networks have been developed.
17In contrast, data on DA-HAIs rates obtained by using standardized definitions and methods are limited in Greece. 18 The aim of this study was to perform an active targeted prospective surveillance to ass...