This paper aims to show the need to study both classical and modern theories in business ethics. It is necessary because social relations in production change, as do production conditions, the relationship between owners and workers, employees. The aim of the article is also to demonstrate the possible deviations from the natural, basic principles of ethical behavior in business and to look for opportunities to regulate them and limit the opportunities for their manifestation. This study has an epistemological character, dedicated to studying the evolution of fundamental ethical theories explaining the interaction between subjects in the ethical ecosystem. In developing the article, descriptive analysis was used to identify, analyze, and summarize the main features of poodle theories in business ethics. This paper has its theoretical basis of a rich category of tools and classical theories in aesthetics; new business ethics theories are being developed as an inalienable part of the ethical ecosystem. The evolution of the productive forces has had its irreversible impact on the ethical relations in the social system and on each business unit as a whole. The interrelations between the main religions professed by mankind − Christianity, Judaism and Islamic religion with the main category assessing the return on investment, namely the interest rate, are analyzed. The conclusions have been drawn about this type of income in the older religions and newer religions. Basic new business ethics theories are analyzed, such as the Theory of moral hazard, Agency Theory, Diamond’s Theory of delegated monitoring, Rent-Seeking. Research on the evolution of basic business economics theories is usually done based on theoretical analysis and much less based on specific business cases. Here is presented the manifestation of modern theories in business ethics, particular cases of changes in the state of business ecosystems and possibility that basis can also serve as a legal and regulatory initiative to precisely regulate these deviations and their sanction. The chosen form of research is sharing the opinions of the author of the study. In this article, the author seeks the connection, the integration of ethics in the functioning of the business system due to the severance of the direct relationship between owners and employees and the emergence of intermediaries as agents to whom decision-making rights are delegated. The severance of this relationship is at the heart of the evolutionary development of the ethical business side in the context of existing constraints. Keywords: Business Ethics, Moral Hazard, Rent-Seeking, Diamond Theory, Agency Theory.
We are witnessing the pressure from public interest groups that take important business decisions. There are various discussions about what activities should be seen as lobbying and which do not meet the criteria for lobbying. This dilemma can be considered from a theoretical and practical point of view. The broad public does not look positively and perceives lobbying as an illegal and selfish activity very often strongly connected with or bordering on corruption. The experts have provided numerous definitions of lobbying as a transparent and legitimate way of representing the interests of minority groups. The interest groups are trying to influence the decision-making process for their private benefit and therefore intervene in the legislative process in order to realize the asymmetric personal benefit. But the interests of society may be on the opposite side. These two principles may conflict in certain cases. The subject of our analysis is the behavior of groups or organizations that we can assume that they should serve the public interest. The theory of personal interest focuses on the individual's analysis as a promoter of his own goals, wishing to maximize his personal benefit. The boundary between the fulfillment of public or individual interest is the point of contradiction, particularly with regard to lobbying benefits or damage to society and the ethics of lobbying. This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the ethics of lobbying as a beginning of researches of this problem in Bulgarian society. The main purpose of the research is to analyze the lobbying 'phenomenon and lobbying case studies in Bulgarian practice. The systematization of literary sources and the approaches to solving the problem of lobbying ethics shows that the practice of lobbying in Bulgaria does not differ significantly from the world experience. In Bulgaria, as well as in countries with developed market relations, the business systematically attempts to influence directly on the process of business rules 'creating, thus distorting asymmetrically economic interests and motives in their favor. Very often, these interests are detrimental to the other participants in the economic system. The importance of the solution to this scientific problem is the adoption of European rules of lobbying ethics by building an adequate legal basis, including a law on lobbying. The need for such a law is tangible due to the need to regulate relations between Bulgarian and foreign investors and their ability to influence the decision-making. The study of the ethics of lobbyism in the article is done in the following logical sequence: first, the introduction analyzes the tasks and describes the methods to be used, secondly clarifying the semantics of the term, third a review of the literature, examples of the Bulgarian business practice where the business has managed to force the legislative bodies to make decisions exclusively for its benefit. Due to the nature of the research question, the only possible...
The aim of the present study is to recreate the new role that academic publishing houses perform in the conditions of digital transformation and the growing number and volume of scientific publications in the conditions of oligopolistic competition, of structuring the ecosystem of academic publishing as an opportunity to build a network of mutually intersecting interests. The chosen approach analyzes the dynamic environment in which academic publishing houses function under the influence of subsequent crises and changes in the business model of accumulation and dissemination of scientific knowledge. Bearing in mind the special role of academic publication and distribution, it has a key role in the exchange of scientific knowledge, expanding the possibilities of access and use of already created and distributed scientific production to increase academic institutions’ competitiveness. Academic publishing and knowledge dissemination are facing the need for digital transformation and redesign of the access system. Only in such a case will it realize its practical goals of creating added value and return on the resources invested in the system. This change in the role of academic publishing makes it relevant. It strengthens its contribution to limiting the opportunities for abuse of authors’ copyright on the results of their scientific research. Academic publishing and distribution form a changing and relatively new field that, in the current market conditions, is tasked with satisfying the interests of universities, researchers and end-users for access to scientific knowledge. The main challenges faced by academic publishing include: the provision of open access to scientific information; the protection of intellectual property; the realization of economic efficiency based on invested resources and increased competitiveness. In the end, academic publishing houses are economic agents, using various funding sources, and hence realize to varying degrees the effect of their improved market positioning. In this way, this industry contributes to the promotion of scientific knowledge and copyright protection for researchers, the possibility of comparisons and new searches, and for investors in the publishing business − to receive a real return for the resources invested. The present study is tasked with giving a new perspective to the business of academic publishing and distribution as a socially significant ecosystem subject to basic economic laws and its role in sharing scientific knowledge to improve the welfare of society.
The growth of digital platforms generates strong network effects and dynamics of all winners, which disrupts systemic growth and further stimulates competition between them. Despite the positive effects, under certain conditions, these same functions make the currently operating platforms vulnerable to competitive strategic moves through platforms where participants can add value for themselves and at the same time avoid pre-investment in value added generation. In this analysis, we use an interpretive synthesis of different theoretical concepts of platform business to theorize these strategies as a new category and their distinctive features. Overall, the study demonstrates the potential for unconventional and opportunistic strategies to compete on platforms that extend beyond more traditional ones, such as network quality, diversity and size.
In this article, the general stages of the banking sector’s transition to a free market are examined in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the effects of the last crisis on the financial and economic system of these countries. The process of this change is different and is important for their integration into the common European banking market, as well as their influence on the development of the economies of these countries as a whole. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to compare the processes of change in organizational structure and the difficulty of integrating these banking sectors with the banking sectors of Western European countries. The focus is also on assessing the impact of the global financial and economic crisis on their sustainable development. The databases of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund have been used to establish a common pattern in some sectors - the growth of non-performing loans during the crisis, it also implies a concerted effort to overcome this important indicator of their sustainability and behavior.
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