Old and New in Business Ethics Theory

Abstract

This paper aims to show the need to study both classical and modern theories in business ethics. It is necessary because social relations in production change, as do production conditions, the relationship between owners and workers, employees. The aim of the article is also to demonstrate the possible deviations from the natural, basic principles of ethical behavior in business and to look for opportunities to regulate them and limit the opportunities for their manifestation. This study has an epistemological character, dedicated to studying the evolution of fundamental ethical theories explaining the interaction between subjects in the ethical ecosystem. In developing the article, descriptive analysis was used to identify, analyze, and summarize the main features of poodle theories in business ethics. This paper has its theoretical basis of a rich category of tools and classical theories in aesthetics; new business ethics theories are being developed as an inalienable part of the ethical ecosystem. The evolution of the productive forces has had its irreversible impact on the ethical relations in the social system and on each business unit as a whole. The interrelations between the main religions professed by mankind − Christianity, Judaism and Islamic religion with the main category assessing the return on investment, namely the interest rate, are analyzed. The conclusions have been drawn about this type of income in the older religions and newer religions. Basic new business ethics theories are analyzed, such as the Theory of moral hazard, Agency Theory, Diamond’s Theory of delegated monitoring, Rent-Seeking. Research on the evolution of basic business economics theories is usually done based on theoretical analysis and much less based on specific business cases. Here is presented the manifestation of modern theories in business ethics, particular cases of changes in the state of business ecosystems and possibility that basis can also serve as a legal and regulatory initiative to precisely regulate these deviations and their sanction. The chosen form of research is sharing the opinions of the author of the study. In this article, the author seeks the connection, the integration of ethics in the functioning of the business system due to the severance of the direct relationship between owners and employees and the emergence of intermediaries as agents to whom decision-making rights are delegated. The severance of this relationship is at the heart of the evolutionary development of the ethical business side in the context of existing constraints. Keywords: Business Ethics, Moral Hazard, Rent-Seeking, Diamond Theory, Agency Theory.

An Exploratory Study on Business Ethics Practices Among Accredited Social Enterprises in Malaysia

“…In fact, ethics is a predecessor of social innovation (Boussema & Belkacem, 2022). In addition, business ethics is one of the newest and fastest-growing scientific areas (Stavrova, 2020). Ethics, based on management point of view, is part of the leadership spectrum and becomes a vital element in the decision-making process where social entrepreneurs as a leader in their organization should be responsible for their actions (Pasricha & Rao, 2018).…”

Etika Bisnis Islam: Dapat Direalisasikan atau Hanya Sebatas Teori ?

“…Konsep penting dalam etika bisnis menurut Ferrell et al, (2021) adalah perilaku benar dan salah ditentukan oleh sekelompok, yang mungkin berupa perusahaan atau industri. Teori etika tradisional memiliki karakter yang dominan normatif karena dimulai dengan asumsi mengenai sifat dunia dan asumsi yang lebih spesifik tentang sifat manusia (Handayani, 2019;Stavrova, 2020).…”

“…Struktur teori normatif dalam etika bisnis menurut Stavrova (2020) dapat dikategorikan ke dalam egoisme, ulitilitariasme,etika kewajiban, serta hak dan kewajiban. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa teori normatif dalam etika bisnis didasarkan pada sudut pandangan yang berbeda tergantung dari kontribusi, fokus, aturan, konsep kemanusiaan dan tipe yang digunakan untuk membentuk keputusan secara mendasar (Stavrova, 2020;Vallaster et al, 2019).…”

“…Selebihnya lebih banyak yang tidak menerapkan bahkan tidak mengindahkan dengan melakukan praktek yang menyimpang dari etika bisnis Islam, diantaranya melakukan penipuan ( Baladina & Ashlihah, 2021;Saputra et al, 2022), cara perolehan produk yang tidak halal dan suci (Muzaiyin, 2018), ketidaksesuaian harga ( Koni, 2017), bahkan semenamena menentukan harga (Putri et al, 2019), serta tidak memberi manfaat kepada lingkungan sekitarnya (Rahmah & Eprianti, 2021) dan dapat membahayakan konsumen (Umuri & Ibrahim, 2020). Hal ini terjadi karena pelaku bisnis masih di landasi pemikiran untuk mensejahterakans diri sendiri/egoisme, tidak ingin menderita sebagaimana dalam teori normatif yang menyatakan pengambilan keputusan di dasarkan dari sudut pandang yang menguntungkan (Stavrova, 2020).…”

Marketing and management in insurance: impact of innovations measures

“…It is relevant for each country in the modern world of globalization (Plastun et al, 2019;Vorontsova et al, 2020). Every year, there are new theoretical and applied studies on the innovative activities of insurance companies (Stavrova, 2020;Goncharenko, 2020;Kaya, 2021;Umadia and Kasztelnik, 2020;Brown and Kasztelnik, 2020). The key priority of modern financial institutions, including insurance companies, is the reorientation of their activities from product-oriented to customer-oriented.…”